महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-28, verse-16

जनमेजय उवाच ।
किमर्थं भगवानग्निः प्रत्यमित्रोऽभवद्युधि ।
सहदेवस्य यज्ञार्थं घटमानस्य वै द्विज ॥१६॥

16. janamejaya uvāca ,
kimarthaṁ bhagavānagniḥ pratyamitro'bhavadyudhi ,
sahadevasya yajñārthaṁ ghaṭamānasya vai dvija.

16. janamejayaḥ uvāca kimartham bhagavān agniḥ pratyamitraḥ
abhavat yudhi sahadevasya yajñārtham ghaṭamānasya vai dvija

16. janamejayaḥ uvāca dvija kimartham bhagavān agniḥ sahadevasya
yajñārtham ghaṭamānasya yudhi pratyamitraḥ abhavat vai

16. Janamejaya spoke: 'O brahmin (dvija), for what reason did the revered Agni become an adversary in battle when Sahadeva was striving for the Vedic ritual (yajña)?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what reason (for what purpose, why, for what reason)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered (revered, glorious, divine, fortunate)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni (fire, fire-god Agni)

• प्रत्यमित्रः (pratyamitraḥ) - adversary (enemy, adversary)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - did become (he became, he was)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war, in a fight)

• सहदेवस्य (sahadevasya) - of Sahadeva

• यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the sake of the Vedic ritual, for the purpose of sacrifice)

• घटमानस्य (ghaṭamānasya) - when (Sahadeva) was striving (of one who is striving, of one who is endeavoring)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

• द्विज (dvija) - O brahmin (dvija) (O brahmin, O twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king, son of Parikshit, grandson of Abhimanyu)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what reason (for what purpose, why, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered (revered, glorious, divine, fortunate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - lord, revered, divine, glorious, fortunate, holy

Note: Adjective modifying agniḥ.

अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni (fire, fire-god Agni)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the god Agni, sacrificial fire, digestive fire

Note: Subject of abhavat.

प्रत्यमित्रः (pratyamitraḥ) - adversary (enemy, adversary)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyamitra

pratyamitra - enemy, adversary, foe

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+amitra)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• amitra – enemy, foe, not a friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative with abhavat.

अभवत् (abhavat) - did become (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war, in a fight)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war, combat

सहदेवस्य (sahadevasya) - of Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (one of the Pandava brothers)

Note: Possessive, related to ghaṭamānasya.

यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the sake of the Vedic ritual, for the purpose of sacrifice)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+artha)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, offering, worship
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

घटमानस्य (ghaṭamānasya) - when (Sahadeva) was striving (of one who is striving, of one who is endeavoring)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ghaṭamāna

ghaṭamāna - striving, endeavoring, making effort, being engaged

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'ghaṭ' (to strive, be engaged), Present tense, Ātmanepada, nominative form ghaṭamānaḥ

Root: ghaṭ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying sahadevasya.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

द्विज (dvija) - O brahmin (dvija) (O brahmin, O twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas, esp. Brahmin), bird, tooth