महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-134, verse-53

यद्यकार्यमधर्मं वा यदि वा प्राणनाशनम् ।
पतिर्ब्रूयाद्दरिद्रो वा व्याधितो वा कथंचन ॥५३॥

53. yadyakāryamadharmaṁ vā yadi vā prāṇanāśanam ,
patirbrūyāddaridro vā vyādhito vā kathaṁcana.

53. yadi akāryam adharmam vā yadi vā prāṇa-nāśanam |
patiḥ brūyāt daridraḥ vā vyādhitaḥ vā kathaṃ-cana

53. yadi patiḥ daridraḥ vā vyādhitaḥ vā kathaṃ-cana,
akāryam vā adharmam vā yadi vā prāṇa-nāśanam,
brūyāt.

53. If a husband, whether he be poor or sick, were to command something improper, or unrighteous (adharma), or even life-destroying, for any reason...

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong action, not to be done

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous act, injustice, unrighteousness

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either

• प्राण-नाशनम् (prāṇa-nāśanam) - life-destroying, causing destruction of life

• पतिः (patiḥ) - husband, lord, master

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - were to command (may say, should say, would say)

• दरिद्रः (daridraḥ) - poor, needy

• वा (vā) - or, either

• व्याधितः (vyādhitaḥ) - sick, ill, diseased

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कथं-चन (kathaṁ-cana) - for some reason (somehow, by any means, for any reason)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong action, not to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - not to be done, improper, wrong action

Gerundive / Noun

From `a` (negation) + `kārya` (to be done, duty), gerundive of `kṛ`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  gerundive of √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of implied verb 'commands'.

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous act, injustice, unrighteousness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong action

From `a` (negation) + `dharma`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'commands'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

प्राण-नाशनम् (prāṇa-nāśanam) - life-destroying, causing destruction of life

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāṇa-nāśana

prāṇa-nāśana - life-destroying, fatal

Compound of `prāṇa` (life) and `nāśana` (destroying, destruction).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+nāśana)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• nāśana – destroying, ruin, destruction
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root √naś (to perish, destroy)
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agreeing with implied object like `kāryam`.

पतिः (patiḥ) - husband, lord, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - husband, lord, master, owner

Note: Subject of `brūyāt`.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - were to command (may say, should say, would say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Parasmaipada, Present tense, Optative mood, 3rd person singular. From root √brū (2nd class).

Root: brū (class 2)

दरिद्रः (daridraḥ) - poor, needy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daridra

daridra - poor, needy, indigent

From root `daridrā` (to be poor).

Root: daridrā (class 2)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

व्याधितः (vyādhitaḥ) - sick, ill, diseased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādhita

vyādhita - sick, ill, diseased, wounded

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √vyādh (to inflict, hurt), with `vi` + `ā` prefixes.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: vyādh (class 4)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कथं-चन (kathaṁ-cana) - for some reason (somehow, by any means, for any reason)

(indeclinable)

Compound of `katham` (how) + `cana` (an indefinite particle).