महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-134, verse-49

व्रतं चरति या नित्यं दुश्चरं लघुसत्त्वया ।
पतिचित्ता पतिहिता सा पतिव्रतभागिनी ॥४९॥

49. vrataṁ carati yā nityaṁ duścaraṁ laghusattvayā ,
paticittā patihitā sā pativratabhāginī.

49. vratam carati yā nityam duścaram laghusattvayā
paticittā patihitā sā pativratabhāginī

49. That woman who consistently observes a vow, which is difficult even for one of weak resolve, and whose mind is focused on her husband and dedicated to his well-being, she shares in the merits of being a devoted wife (pativratā).

Words meanings summery:

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

• चरति (carati) - practices, performs, observes

• या (yā) - which, who (feminine)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - difficult to perform

• लघुसत्त्वया (laghusattvayā) - by one of weak resolve or light essence

• पतिचित्ता (paticittā) - whose mind is fixed on her husband

• पतिहिता (patihitā) - devoted to her husband's welfare, beneficial to her husband

• सा (sā) - she, that (woman)

• पतिव्रतभागिनी (pativratabhāginī) - one who partakes in the merits of being a devoted wife

Words meanings and morphology

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance, sacred duty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty, discipline

चरति (carati) - practices, performs, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

या (yā) - which, who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - difficult to perform

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - difficult to perform, hard to accomplish or observe

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dus+cara)

• dus – bad, difficult, hard (prefix)
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, performing, practicing
  adjective (masculine)
  primary derivative
  From root car, often found in compounds indicating action or movement.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vratam'.

लघुसत्त्वया (laghusattvayā) - by one of weak resolve or light essence

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of laghusattva

laghusattva - of light essence/nature, weak-minded, of weak resolve, easily swayed

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (laghu+sattva)

• laghu – light, small, swift, trivial, easy
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• sattva – essence, being, existence, nature, mind, strength, courage, reality
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the woman (yā nārī) implying 'even for a woman of weak resolve'.

पतिचित्ता (paticittā) - whose mind is fixed on her husband

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paticittā

paticittā - whose mind is on her husband, devoted in thought to her husband

Feminine form of paticitta

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (pati+citta)

• pati – husband, master, lord
  noun (masculine)
• citta – mind, thought, consciousness, heart
  noun (neuter)

पतिहिता (patihitā) - devoted to her husband's welfare, beneficial to her husband

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patihitā

patihitā - devoted to her husband's welfare, beneficial to her husband

Feminine form of patihita

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pati+hita)

• pati – husband, master, lord
  noun (masculine)
• hita – beneficial, salutary, good, welfare, placed
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root dhā (to place, put) where hi is an irregular substitute.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

सा (sā) - she, that (woman)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

पतिव्रतभागिनी (pativratabhāginī) - one who partakes in the merits of being a devoted wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pativratabhāginī

pativratabhāginī - female sharer/partaker in the virtues of a devoted wife (pativratā)

Feminine form of pativratabhāgin

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pativratā+bhāginī)

• pativratā – a woman devoted to her husband
  noun (feminine)
• bhāginī – female sharer, partaker
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of bhāgin, derived from bhāga (share) with the suffix -in