महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-134, verse-38

परुषाण्यपि चोक्ता या दृष्टा वा क्रूरचक्षुषा ।
सुप्रसन्नमुखी भर्तुर्या नारी सा पतिव्रता ॥३८॥

38. paruṣāṇyapi coktā yā dṛṣṭā vā krūracakṣuṣā ,
suprasannamukhī bharturyā nārī sā pativratā.

38. paruṣāṇi api ca uktā yā dṛṣṭā vā krūra-cakṣuṣā
su-prasanna-mukhī bhartuḥ yā nārī sā pati-vratā

38. yā nārī paruṣāṇi api uktā vā krūra-cakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā ca
bhartuḥ su-prasanna-mukhī (bhavati) sā pati-vratā

38. That woman who remains very pleasant-faced towards her husband, even when harsh words are spoken to her, or when she is looked upon with a cruel gaze, she is truly a faithful wife.

Words meanings summery:

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough; harsh words)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• च (ca) - and

• उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, addressed, said

• या (yā) - who, which

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen, looked upon

• वा (vā) - or

• क्रूर-चक्षुषा (krūra-cakṣuṣā) - with a cruel eye/gaze

• सु-प्रसन्न-मुखी (su-prasanna-mukhī) - very pleasant-faced, with a serene face

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband, master's

• या (yā) - who, which

• नारी (nārī) - woman, wife

• सा (sā) - she, that

• पति-व्रता (pati-vratā) - faithful wife, devoted to her husband

Words meanings and morphology

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough; harsh words)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

Note: Used as a noun ('harsh words').

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen, looked upon

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root `dṛś` (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

क्रूर-चक्षुषा (krūra-cakṣuṣā) - with a cruel eye/gaze

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of krūra-cakṣus

krūra-cakṣus - cruel eye, fierce gaze

Compound type : tatpurusha (krūra+cakṣus)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• cakṣus – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

सु-प्रसन्न-मुखी (su-prasanna-mukhī) - very pleasant-faced, with a serene face

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of su-prasanna-mukhī

su-prasanna-mukhī - very pleasant-faced, with a serene face

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+prasanna+mukha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• prasanna – pleased, clear, serene, gracious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root `sad` (to sit) with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband, master's

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, master, maintainer, supporter

agent noun

From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support) + `tṛ` suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

नारी (nārī) - woman, wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, wife

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पति-व्रता (pati-vratā) - faithful wife, devoted to her husband

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pati-vratā

pati-vratā - faithful wife, devoted to her husband

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred duty, religious observance
  noun (neuter)