महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-134, verse-40

दरिद्रं व्याधितं दीनमध्वना परिकर्शितम् ।
पतिं पुत्रमिवोपास्ते सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥४०॥

40. daridraṁ vyādhitaṁ dīnamadhvanā parikarśitam ,
patiṁ putramivopāste sā nārī dharmabhāginī.

40. daridram vyādhitam dīnam adhvanā parikarśitam
patim putram iva upāste sā nārī dharmabhāginī

40. sā nārī daridram vyādhitam dīnam adhvanā
parikarśitam patim putram iva upāste dharmabhāginī

40. That woman who serves her husband—even if he is poor, sick, miserable, and weakened by travel—as if he were her own son, she partakes in religious merit (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• दरिद्रम् (daridram) - poor, needy, indigent

• व्याधितम् (vyādhitam) - sick, diseased, afflicted

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, distressed

• अध्वना (adhvanā) - by the way, by the road, by the journey

• परिकर्शितम् (parikarśitam) - emaciated, weakened, tormented, made thin

• पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उपास्ते (upāste) - serves, takes care of (serves, attends upon, worships)

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• नारी (nārī) - woman, wife

• धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - one who shares in religious merit (dharma) (partaker of (dharma), sharing in virtue or merit)

Words meanings and morphology

दरिद्रम् (daridram) - poor, needy, indigent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daridra

daridra - poor, needy, indigent

Note: Qualifies 'patim'.

व्याधितम् (vyādhitam) - sick, diseased, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyādhita

vyādhita - sick, diseased, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce, wound) with prefix vi- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'patim'.

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dī (to decay, waste away) with suffix -na.

Root: dī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'patim'.

अध्वना (adhvanā) - by the way, by the road, by the journey

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey

Note: Indicates the means by which the husband is weakened.

परिकर्शितम् (parikarśitam) - emaciated, weakened, tormented, made thin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parikarśita

parikarśita - emaciated, weakened, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṛś (to be thin, to emaciate) with prefix pari- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pari

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'patim'.

पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - husband, lord, master

Note: Object of the verb 'upāste'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उपास्ते (upāste) - serves, takes care of (serves, attends upon, worships)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upāste

Present Tense, Middle Voice, Third Person, Singular

Root √ās (to sit) with upasarga upa- (near, towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The action performed by the 'nārī'.

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Feminine nominative singular form.

Note: Refers to 'nārī'.

नारी (nārī) - woman, wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, wife

Note: Subject of the sentence.

धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - one who shares in religious merit (dharma) (partaker of (dharma), sharing in virtue or merit)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmabhāgin

dharmabhāgin - partaker of righteousness/ (dharma), sharing in merit

Derived from 'dharma' + 'bhāgin' (one who partakes).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhāgin)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, (dharma), intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• bhāgin – partaker, sharer, possessing, having a share
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `bhāga` (share) + suffix `-in`.

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sā nārī'.