महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-58

सुहृदां यतमानानामाप्तैः सह चिकित्सकैः ।
जगामास्तमिवादित्यः कौरव्यो यमसादनम् ॥५८॥

58. suhṛdāṁ yatamānānāmāptaiḥ saha cikitsakaiḥ ,
jagāmāstamivādityaḥ kauravyo yamasādanam.

58. suhṛdām yatamānānām āptaiḥ saha cikitsakaiḥ
jagāma astam iva ādityaḥ kauravyaḥ yamasādanam

58. Despite his friends and trusted physicians striving (to save him), the Kaurava (Vichitravirya) went to Yama's abode, just like the setting sun.

Words meanings summery:

• सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of friends

• यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those making efforts (to save him) (of those striving, making efforts)

• आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted (physicians) (by trusted, by competent, by acquired)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• चिकित्सकैः (cikitsakaiḥ) - with physicians (by/with physicians, doctors)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he departed)

• अस्तम् (astam) - setting (like the sun) (setting, disappearance, west)

• इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as if)

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun (the sun, son of Aditi)

• कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - the Kaurava (Vichitravirya) (a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava)

• यमसादनम् (yamasādanam) - Yama's abode (the realm of death) (abode of Yama, realm of death)

Words meanings and morphology

सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of friends

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

Note: Dependent on yatamānānām.

यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those making efforts (to save him) (of those striving, making efforts)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, making efforts, engaged in, working hard

Present Middle Participle

From root √yat (to strive, endeavor)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies suhṛdām.

आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted (physicians) (by trusted, by competent, by acquired)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āpta

āpta - trusted, competent, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root √āp (to obtain, reach)

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies cikitsakaiḥ.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Requires instrumental case.

चिकित्सकैः (cikitsakaiḥ) - with physicians (by/with physicians, doctors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cikitsaka

cikitsaka - physician, doctor, healer

From √cit (to perceive) in desiderative, meaning 'desirous of healing'

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Governed by saha.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect form of root √gam (to go); third person singular active ending.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is Kauravyaḥ.

अस्तम् (astam) - setting (like the sun) (setting, disappearance, west)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting, disappearance, west

Note: Functions adverbially, often used with √gam to mean 'to set' (e.g., the sun).

इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun (the sun, son of Aditi)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a deity, son of Aditi

Note: Subject of the simile.

कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - the Kaurava (Vichitravirya) (a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru lineage, a Kaurava

Patronymic from Kuru

Note: Refers to Vichitravirya, the subject of the main clause.

यमसादनम् (yamasādanam) - Yama's abode (the realm of death) (abode of Yama, realm of death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yamasādana

yamasādana - abode of Yama, realm of death

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yama+sādana)

• yama – Yama (the god of death and dharma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sādana – dwelling, abode, seat, destruction
  noun (neuter)
  From √sad (to sit, settle)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of motion with jagāma.