महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-30

निवर्तमानं तं दृष्ट्वा राजानः सर्व एव ते ।
प्रेक्षकाः समपद्यन्त भीष्मशाल्वसमागमे ॥३०॥

30. nivartamānaṁ taṁ dṛṣṭvā rājānaḥ sarva eva te ,
prekṣakāḥ samapadyanta bhīṣmaśālvasamāgame.

30. nivartamānam tam dṛṣṭvā rājānaḥ sarve eva te
prekṣakāḥ samapadyanta bhīṣmaśālvasamāgame

30. Having seen him (Bhishma) turning back, all those kings became spectators in the encounter between Bhishma and Shalva.

Words meanings summery:

• निवर्तमानम् (nivartamānam) - returning, turning back, withdrawing

• तम् (tam) - (referring to Bhishma) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• ते (te) - (referring to the kings) (those)

• प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

• समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they turned into

• भीष्मशाल्वसमागमे (bhīṣmaśālvasamāgame) - in the encounter between Bhishma and Shalva

Words meanings and morphology

निवर्तमानम् (nivartamānam) - returning, turning back, withdrawing

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nivartamāna

nivartamāna - returning, turning back, withdrawing, ceasing, revolving

Present Middle Participle

From root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix ni, formed with śānaC suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तम् (tam) - (referring to Bhishma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - (referring to the kings) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prekṣaka

prekṣaka - spectator, onlooker, observer

From pra-īkṣ (to look at, observe) with aka (agent suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they turned into

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samapad

Imperfect

From root pad (to go, to fall) with prefixes sam-a. 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Atmanepada verb.

भीष्मशाल्वसमागमे (bhīṣmaśālvasamāgame) - in the encounter between Bhishma and Shalva

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīṣma+śālva+samāgama)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (proper name, son of Shantanu)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• śālva – Shalva (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• samāgama – encounter, meeting, coming together
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-ā-gam (to come together).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)