महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-33

पूर्वमभ्यर्दितं दृष्ट्वा भीष्मं शाल्वेन ते नृपाः ।
विस्मिताः समपद्यन्त साधु साध्विति चाब्रुवन् ॥३३॥

33. pūrvamabhyarditaṁ dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmaṁ śālvena te nṛpāḥ ,
vismitāḥ samapadyanta sādhu sādhviti cābruvan.

33. pūrvam abhyarditam dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmam śālvena te nṛpāḥ
vismitāḥ samapadyanta sādhu sādhu iti ca abruvan

33. Having seen Bhishma, who had been hard-pressed by Shalva, those kings were astonished and exclaimed, 'Excellent! Excellent!'

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before, formerly

• अभ्यर्दितम् (abhyarditam) - attacked, harassed, afflicted, pressed hard

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• शाल्वेन (śālvena) - by Shalva

• ते (te) - (referring to the kings) (those)

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

• विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed, bewildered

• समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they turned into

• साधु (sādhu) - 'Excellent!' (as an exclamation) (excellent, good, well done)

• साधु (sādhu) - 'Excellent!' (as an exclamation) (excellent, good, well done)

• इति (iti) - (introduces direct speech) (thus, so)

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before, formerly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative singular neuter.

Root: pṛ

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

अभ्यर्दितम् (abhyarditam) - attacked, harassed, afflicted, pressed hard

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyardita

abhyardita - attacked, afflicted, harassed, wounded, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

From root ard (to pain, hurt) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhishma.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

शाल्वेन (śālvena) - by Shalva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Shalva (name of a king)

Note: Agent of abhyarditam.

ते (te) - (referring to the kings) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

(compound noun)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• pa – protector, keeper, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root pā (to protect, drink) with a suffix.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of samapadyanta and abruvan.

विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed, bewildered

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, surprised, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root smi (to smile) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for nṛpāḥ.

समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they turned into

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samapad

Imperfect

From root pad (to go, to fall) with prefixes sam-a. 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Atmanepada verb.

साधु (sādhu) - 'Excellent!' (as an exclamation) (excellent, good, well done)

(indeclinable)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Used as an interjection.

साधु (sādhu) - 'Excellent!' (as an exclamation) (excellent, good, well done)

(indeclinable)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Used as an interjection.

इति (iti) - (introduces direct speech) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

From root brū (to speak). 3rd person plural.

Root: brū (class 2)