महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-39

कन्याहेतोर्नरश्रेष्ठ भीष्मः शांतनवस्तदा ।
जित्वा विसर्जयामास जीवन्तं नृपसत्तमम् ।
ततः शाल्वः स्वनगरं प्रययौ भरतर्षभ ॥३९॥

39. kanyāhetornaraśreṣṭha bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavastadā ,
jitvā visarjayāmāsa jīvantaṁ nṛpasattamam ,
tataḥ śālvaḥ svanagaraṁ prayayau bharatarṣabha.

39. kanyāhetoḥ naraśreṣṭha bhīṣmaḥ
śāntanavaḥ tadā jitvā visarjayāmāsa
jīvantam nṛpasattamam tataḥ śālvaḥ
svanagaram prāyayau bharatarṣabha

39. O best of men, then Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, having defeated that excellent king (Salva) for the sake of the maiden, released him alive. After that, O bull among Bharatas, Salva departed to his own city.

39. הו אדם דגול, למען הנערות ניצח אז בְּהִישְׁמַה בן שַׁנְטַנוּ את מיטב המלכים ושחרר אותו בחיים. אז שָׁאלְוַה חזר לעירו, הו מיטב צאצאי בְּהָארַטַה.

Words meanings summery:

• कन्याहेतोः (kanyāhetoḥ) - for the sake of the maiden

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having won

• विसर्जयामास (visarjayāmāsa) - he released, he sent away

• जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - living, alive

• नृपसत्तमम् (nṛpasattamam) - the best of kings, excellent king

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva

• स्वनगरम् (svanagaram) - to his own city

• प्राययौ (prāyayau) - he went, he departed

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among Bharatas, O foremost of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

कन्याहेतोः (kanyāhetoḥ) - for the sake of the maiden

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kanyāhetu

kanyāhetu - reason for a maiden, for the sake of a maiden (compound: kanyā + hetu)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kanyā+hetu)

• kanyā – maiden, girl, virgin
  noun (feminine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, chief of men (compound: nara + śreṣṭha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (masculine)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Shantanu, son of Shantanu

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having won

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Root: ji (class 1)

विसर्जयामास (visarjayāmāsa) - he released, he sent away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sṛj

Periphrastic Perfect

Causative stem visarjaya + āmāsa (auxiliary verb)

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - living, alive

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Root: jīv (class 1)

नृपसत्तमम् (nṛpasattamam) - the best of kings, excellent king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, excellent king (compound: nṛpa + sattama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - name of a country or its king, Salva

स्वनगरम् (svanagaram) - to his own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svanagara

svanagara - own city (compound: sva + nagara)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+nagara)

• sva – own, his own
  pronoun/adjective (neuter)
• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)

प्राययौ (prāyayau) - he went, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among Bharatas, O foremost of Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, excellent Bharata (compound: bharata + ṛṣabha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a Bharata (a warrior of the Bharata lineage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull (often used as a superlative suffix, "foremost among")
  noun (masculine)

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