महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-19

ततः समभवद्युद्धं तेषां तस्य च भारत ।
एकस्य च बहूनां च तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम् ॥१९॥

19. tataḥ samabhavadyuddhaṁ teṣāṁ tasya ca bhārata ,
ekasya ca bahūnāṁ ca tumulaṁ lomaharṣaṇam.

19. tataḥ samabhavat yuddham teṣām tasya ca bhārata
ekasya ca bahūnām ca tumulam lomaharṣaṇam

19. Then, O Bharata, a fierce and hair-raising battle ensued between them and him, between the one (Kuru prince) and the many (warriors).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, took place

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the pursuing warriors (of them, their)

• तस्य (tasya) - of the Kuru prince (Duryodhana) (of him, his)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (the narrator is addressing him) (O Bharata, descendant of Bharata)

• एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single one

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, violent

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying, thrilling

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

Root bhū (to be) with prefix sam (together, completely) in Imperfect 3rd person singular

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the pursuing warriors (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, this

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the battle.

तस्य (tasya) - of the Kuru prince (Duryodhana) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, this

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the battle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'teṣām' and 'tasya'.

भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (the narrator is addressing him) (O Bharata, descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Bhārata

Bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

Patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Vocative addressing the listener.

एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, a certain

Note: In apposition to 'tasya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

Note: In apposition to 'teṣām'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, fierce, noisy

Root: tul (class 1)

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying, thrilling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair on the body
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing to stand on end, exciting, thrilling
  adjective (neuter)
  causative nominal derivative
  From root hṛṣ (to bristle, be excited) with causative suffix 'ṇic' and 'ana' suffix
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.