महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-96, verse-19

ततः समभवद्युद्धं तेषां तस्य च भारत ।
एकस्य च बहूनां च तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम् ॥१९॥

19. tataḥ samabhavadyuddhaṁ teṣāṁ tasya ca bhārata ,
ekasya ca bahūnāṁ ca tumulaṁ lomaharṣaṇam.

19. tataḥ samabhavat yuddham teṣām tasya ca bhārata
ekasya ca bahūnām ca tumulam lomaharṣaṇam

19. Then, O Bharata, a fierce and hair-raising battle ensued between them and him, between the one (Kuru prince) and the many (warriors).

19. הו בְּהָארַטַה, אז פרץ קרב ביניהם לבינו, קרב של אחד מול רבים, סוער ומצמרר.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, took place

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the pursuing warriors (of them, their)

• तस्य (tasya) - of the Kuru prince (Duryodhana) (of him, his)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (the narrator is addressing him) (O Bharata, descendant of Bharata)

• एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single one

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, violent

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying, thrilling

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, happened, took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

Root bhū (to be) with prefix sam (together, completely) in Imperfect 3rd person singular

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the pursuing warriors (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, this

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the battle.

तस्य (tasya) - of the Kuru prince (Duryodhana) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, this

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the battle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'teṣām' and 'tasya'.

भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (the narrator is addressing him) (O Bharata, descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Bhārata

Bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

Patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Vocative addressing the listener.

एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, a certain

Note: In apposition to 'tasya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

Note: In apposition to 'teṣām'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, fierce, noisy

Root: tul (class 1)

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying, thrilling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair on the body
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing to stand on end, exciting, thrilling
  adjective (neuter)
  causative nominal derivative
  From root hṛṣ (to bristle, be excited) with causative suffix 'ṇic' and 'ana' suffix
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

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