महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-89, verse-31

आर्क्षे संवरणे राजन्प्रशासति वसुंधराम् ।
संक्षयः सुमहानासीत्प्रजानामिति शुश्रुमः ॥३१॥

31. ārkṣe saṁvaraṇe rājanpraśāsati vasuṁdharām ,
saṁkṣayaḥ sumahānāsītprajānāmiti śuśrumaḥ.

31. ārkṣe saṃvaraṇe rājan praśāsati vasundharām
saṃkṣayaḥ sumahān āsīt prajānām iti śuśrumaḥ

31. While Saṃvaraṇa, the descendant of Ṛkṣa, was ruling the earth, O King, there was a very great destruction of people; so we have heard.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्क्षे (ārkṣe) - relating to Ṛkṣa, descendant of Ṛkṣa

• संवरणे (saṁvaraṇe) - in Saṃvaraṇa, while Saṃvaraṇa (was ruling)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling, ruling

• वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth

• संक्षयः (saṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction, decay

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, mighty

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, it was

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people, of the subjects

• इति (iti) - indicates a quotation or reported speech (thus, so)

• शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard

Words meanings and morphology

आर्क्षे (ārkṣe) - relating to Ṛkṣa, descendant of Ṛkṣa

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ārkṣa

ārkṣa - descendant of Ṛkṣa, belonging to Ṛkṣa

Note: Agreeing with Saṃvaraṇe

संवरणे (saṁvaraṇe) - in Saṃvaraṇa, while Saṃvaraṇa (was ruling)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃvaraṇa

saṁvaraṇa - name of a king

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling, ruling

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praśāsat

praśāsat - ruling, governing

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root śās with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasundharā

vasundharā - earth

संक्षयः (saṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction, decay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkṣaya

saṁkṣaya - destruction, loss, end, decay

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty, immense

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, offspring

इति (iti) - indicates a quotation or reported speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

Perfect tense, 1st person plural, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)