महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-6

स दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवांस्तत्र सह मात्रा परंतपान् ।
विस्फारयन्धनुर्घोरमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥६॥

6. sa dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavāṁstatra saha mātrā paraṁtapān ,
visphārayandhanurghoramidaṁ vacanamabravīt.

6. sa dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavān tatra saha mātrā paraṃtapan
visphārayan dhanuḥ ghoram idam vacanam abravīt

6. Seeing the Pāṇḍavas, tormentors of enemies, there with their mother, he strung his dreadful bow and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

• मात्रा (mātrā) - with the mother

• परंतपन् (paraṁtapan) - tormentor of enemies, afflicting foes

• विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stringing, stretching, making resonate

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow, weapon

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

A patronymic derivation from Pāṇḍu.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

मात्रा (mātrā) - with the mother

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

परंतपन् (paraṁtapan) - tormentor of enemies, afflicting foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, afflicting foes, one who burns up rivals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – enemy, foe, highest, supreme
  noun
• tapa – heat, penance, tormenting, afflicting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root tap (to heat, burn, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as an epithet for the Pāṇḍavas.

विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stringing, stretching, making resonate

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visphārayant

visphārayant - stringing (a bow), stretching, making vibrate/resonate

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative of the verb root sphur (to throb, vibrate, flash) with prefix vi- (apart, asunder).

Prefix: vi

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'he'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow, weapon

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, weapon

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, formidable, fierce, awful

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (near the speaker)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, statement

Derived from the root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)