महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-5

शब्दं तेषां स शुश्राव नदीं समुपसर्पताम् ।
तेन शब्देन चाविष्टश्चुक्रोध बलवद्बली ॥५॥

5. śabdaṁ teṣāṁ sa śuśrāva nadīṁ samupasarpatām ,
tena śabdena cāviṣṭaścukrodha balavadbalī.

5. śabdam teṣām sa śuśrāva nadīm samupasarpantām
tena śabdena ca āviṣṭaḥ cukrodha balavat balī

5. He heard their sound as they approached the river. Overwhelmed by that noise, the mighty one became extremely angry.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, noise, word

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• स (sa) - he, that

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• समुपसर्पन्ताम् (samupasarpantām) - of those approaching, of those drawing near

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, by the noise

• च (ca) - and, also

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - entered, possessed, overcome, overwhelmed

• चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - became angry, raged

• बलवत् (balavat) - mightily, strongly, very

• बली (balī) - the mighty one, strong man

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, noise, word

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, voice, speech

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

समुपसर्पन्ताम् (samupasarpantām) - of those approaching, of those drawing near

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samupasarpant

samupasarpant - approaching, drawing near, going towards

Present Active Participle

Derived from the verb root sṛp (to go, move) with prefixes sam- (together, completely) and upa- (near, towards).

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'teṣām'

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, by the noise

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, voice, speech

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - entered, possessed, overcome, overwhelmed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, possessed, occupied, overcome, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verb root viś (to enter) with prefix ā- (into, towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - became angry, raged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

बलवत् (balavat) - mightily, strongly, very

(indeclinable)

Derived with the suffix -vat, indicating possession of 'bala' (strength).

Note: Used as an adverb here.

बली (balī) - the mighty one, strong man

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, forceful

Derived with the suffix -in, indicating possession of 'bala' (strength).

Note: Used as a substantive here, referring to a mighty person.