महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ते प्रतस्थुः पुरस्कृत्य मातरं पुरुषर्षभाः ।
समैरुदङ्मुखैर्मार्गैर्यथोद्दिष्टं परंतपाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
te pratasthuḥ puraskṛtya mātaraṁ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ,
samairudaṅmukhairmārgairyathoddiṣṭaṁ paraṁtapāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca te pratasthuḥ puraskṛtya mātaram puruṣarṣabhāḥ
samaiḥ udaṅmukhaiḥ mārgaiḥ yathā uddiṣṭam paraṃtapāḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Those foremost of men (puruṣarṣabhāḥ), subduers of foes, departed, placing their mother in front, by even, northward-facing paths, as instructed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ते (te) - The Pandavas (they)

• प्रतस्थुः (pratasthuḥ) - they departed, they set out

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - Taking their mother (Kunti) with them/ahead (having placed in front, having honored, having taken ahead)

• मातरम् (mātaram) - Kunti (mother)

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - The Pandavas (bulls among men, foremost of men)

• समैः (samaiḥ) - by even, by level (paths)

• उदङ्मुखैः (udaṅmukhaiḥ) - by northward-facing (paths)

• मार्गैः (mārgaiḥ) - by paths, by roads

• यथा (yathā) - as, according to

• उद्दिष्टम् (uddiṣṭam) - As instructed (by Bhishma or Vyasa, referring to the path to Svarga) (instructed, directed, pointed out)

• परंतपाः (paraṁtapāḥ) - The Pandavas (tormentors/subduers of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - The Pandavas (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

प्रतस्थुः (pratasthuḥ) - they departed, they set out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of prasthā

Perfect Tense

Perfect, 3rd person plural, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - Taking their mother (Kunti) with them/ahead (having placed in front, having honored, having taken ahead)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root kṛ (to do) with upasarga puras and suffix -lyaP

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मातरम् (mātaram) - Kunti (mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - The Pandavas (bulls among men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, foremost of men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male; the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

समैः (samaiḥ) - by even, by level (paths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sama

sama - even, level, equal, similar

उदङ्मुखैः (udaṅmukhaiḥ) - by northward-facing (paths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - northward-facing, having face turned towards the north

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udac+mukha)

• udac – north, northern
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

मार्गैः (mārgaiḥ) - by paths, by roads

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, road, way

Root: mṛg (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, according to

(indeclinable)

उद्दिष्टम् (uddiṣṭam) - As instructed (by Bhishma or Vyasa, referring to the path to Svarga) (instructed, directed, pointed out)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of uddiṣṭa

uddiṣṭa - pointed out, shown, instructed, declared

Past Passive Participle

derived from root diś (to point, show) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially here.

परंतपाः (paraṁtapāḥ) - The Pandavas (tormentors/subduers of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of enemies, tormentor of foes, hero

compound from para (enemy) and tapa (scorching)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (para+tapa)

• para – other, another, enemy
  pronoun
• tapa – heat, scorching, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)