महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-39

संस्तम्भितं हि तरसा जितं शरणमागतम् ।
योऽरिं संयोजयेत्प्राणैः कल्याणं किं न सोऽर्हति ॥३९॥

39. saṁstambhitaṁ hi tarasā jitaṁ śaraṇamāgatam ,
yo'riṁ saṁyojayetprāṇaiḥ kalyāṇaṁ kiṁ na so'rhati.

39. saṃstambhitam hi tarasā jitam śaraṇamāgatam yaḥ
arim saṃyojayet prāṇaiḥ kalyāṇam kim na saḥ arhati

39. Indeed, what good (kalyāṇa) does he not deserve who spares the life (prāṇa) of an enemy (ari) who has been forcefully subdued, conquered, and has sought refuge?

Words meanings summery:

• संस्तम्भितम् (saṁstambhitam) - restrained, checked, subdued

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• तरसा (tarasā) - by force, by might, swiftly

• जितम् (jitam) - conquered, vanquished

• शरणमागतम् (śaraṇamāgatam) - one who has come for refuge

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अरिम् (arim) - enemy

• संयोजयेत् (saṁyojayet) - he should unite with life, i.e., spare his life (he should unite, he should connect, he should join)

• प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - with life-breaths, with life

• कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, good, blessing, prosperity

• किम् (kim) - rhetorical 'what' implying 'all' (what, why (interrogative particle))

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - that person (Arjuna) (that, he)

• अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves, he is worthy

Words meanings and morphology

संस्तम्भितम् (saṁstambhitam) - restrained, checked, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃstambhita

saṁstambhita - firmly supported, restrained, checked, stopped

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'stambh' (to stop) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: stambh (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

तरसा (tarasā) - by force, by might, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - force, might, speed, vigor

जितम् (jitam) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, subdued

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'ji' (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

शरणमागतम् (śaraṇamāgatam) - one who has come for refuge

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaraṇamāgata

śaraṇamāgata - one who has come for refuge, refugee

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+āgata)

• śaraṇa – refuge, shelter, protection
  noun (neuter)
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, whichever

अरिम् (arim) - enemy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, adversary

संयोजयेत् (saṁyojayet) - he should unite with life, i.e., spare his life (he should unite, he should connect, he should join)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of saṃyojay

Optative (Vidhi Liṅ) Third Person Singular Active (Causative)

causative stem from root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'sam', optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - with life-breaths, with life

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life-force, vital air, life (prāṇa)

कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, good, blessing, prosperity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - beautiful, good, excellent; welfare, good fortune, virtue (kalyāṇa)

किम् (kim) - rhetorical 'what' implying 'all' (what, why (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that person (Arjuna) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves, he is worthy

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Present Indicative Third Person Singular Active

root 'arh' (to deserve), present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: arh (class 1)