महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-3

उल्मुकं तु समुद्यम्य तेषामग्रे धनंजयः ।
प्रकाशार्थं ययौ तत्र रक्षार्थं च महायशाः ॥३॥

3. ulmukaṁ tu samudyamya teṣāmagre dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
prakāśārthaṁ yayau tatra rakṣārthaṁ ca mahāyaśāḥ.

3. ulmukam tu samudyamya teṣām agre dhanaṃjayaḥ
prakāśārtham yayau tatra rakṣārtham ca mahāyaśāḥ

3. The greatly famous Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), holding a firebrand, went ahead of them both for illumination and for protection.

Words meanings summery:

• उल्मुकम् (ulmukam) - firebrand, flaming wood

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - Having taken up the firebrand (having taken up, having raised, having prepared)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of the other Pandavas and Kunti (of them)

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, ahead

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Dhanañjaya (Arjuna))

• प्रकाशार्थम् (prakāśārtham) - for the purpose of light, for illumination

• ययौ (yayau) - he went

• तत्र (tatra) - To the place where they were heading, in front of them (there, thither)

• रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the purpose of protection

• च (ca) - and, also

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Arjuna (greatly famous, glorious)

Words meanings and morphology

उल्मुकम् (ulmukam) - firebrand, flaming wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ulmuka

ulmuka - firebrand, torch, blazing wood

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - Having taken up the firebrand (having taken up, having raised, having prepared)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root yam (to hold, control) with prefixes sam and ud, and suffix -lyaP

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of the other Pandavas and Kunti (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अग्रे (agre) - in front, ahead

(indeclinable)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Dhanañjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, one of the names of Arjuna

compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/conquest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

प्रकाशार्थम् (prakāśārtham) - for the purpose of light, for illumination

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prakāśārtha

prakāśārtha - for the purpose of light, for illumination

compound: prakāśa (light) + artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prakāśa+artha)

• prakāśa – light, brightness, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

ययौ (yayau) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Tense

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: gam (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - To the place where they were heading, in front of them (there, thither)

(indeclinable)

रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the purpose of protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣārtha

rakṣārtha - for the purpose of protection

compound: rakṣā (protection) + artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rakṣā+artha)

• rakṣā – protection, guarding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Arjuna (greatly famous, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly famous, glorious, illustrious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)