महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-158, verse-15

अर्जुन उवाच ।
समुद्रे हिमवत्पार्श्वे नद्यामस्यां च दुर्मते ।
रात्रावहनि संधौ च कस्य कॢप्तः परिग्रहः ॥१५॥

15. arjuna uvāca ,
samudre himavatpārśve nadyāmasyāṁ ca durmate ,
rātrāvahani saṁdhau ca kasya kḷptaḥ parigrahaḥ.

15. arjunaḥ uvāca samudre himavat-pārśve nadyām asyām ca
durmate rātrau ahani saṃdhau ca kasya kḷptaḥ parigrahaḥ

15. Arjuna said: O foolish one, who has established dominion over the ocean, the Himalayan region, and this river? And whose is it both at night, during the day, and at twilight?

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

• हिमवत्-पार्श्वे (himavat-pārśve) - on the side of the Himalayas

• नद्याम् (nadyām) - in the river

• अस्याम् (asyām) - referring to the river (in this (feminine))

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्मते (durmate) - O foolish one, O evil-minded one

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night

• अहनि (ahani) - during the day

• संधौ (saṁdhau) - referring to the transitional time between day and night (twilight) (at juncture, at twilight)

• च (ca) - and

• कस्य (kasya) - whose

• कॢप्तः (kḷptaḥ) - fixed, established, appointed

• परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - possession, control, domain, acquisition

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince); white, bright

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (class 2) with reduplication and vṛddhi

Root: vac (class 2)

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

हिमवत्-पार्श्वे (himavat-pārśve) - on the side of the Himalayas

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of himavat-pārśva

himavat-pārśva - Himalayan region, side of the Himalayas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (himavat+pārśva)

• himavat – Himalaya (mountain range); snowy, icy
  noun (masculine)
  Possessive suffix -mat added to hima
• pārśva – side, flank, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: himavat here refers to the Himālaya mountains

नद्याम् (nadyām) - in the river

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

अस्याम् (asyām) - referring to the river (in this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्मते (durmate) - O foolish one, O evil-minded one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, dull-witted

From dur- (bad) + mati (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, intelligence, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root man (to think) + suffix -ti
  Root: man (class 4)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

अहनि (ahani) - during the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

संधौ (saṁdhau) - referring to the transitional time between day and night (twilight) (at juncture, at twilight)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃdhi

saṁdhi - junction, union, twilight

from sam-dhā (to join)

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Masculine/neuter genitive singular of kim

कॢप्तः (kḷptaḥ) - fixed, established, appointed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kḷp

kḷp - to be in order, to be fixed, to be arranged

Past Passive Participle

from root kḷp, past participle suffix -ta

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying parigrahaḥ

परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - possession, control, domain, acquisition

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parigraha

parigraha - taking, seizing, possession, property, family, wife, acceptance, domain

from pari-grah (to seize, take, hold)

Prefix: pari

Root: grah (class 9)