योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-140, verse-1

व्याध उवाच ।
भगवंस्त्वादृशस्तां तामवस्थां च कथं गतः ।
कथं ध्यानप्रयोगेण तदा नोपशमं गतः ॥ १ ॥

vyādha uvāca ,
bhagavaṃstvādṛśastāṃ tāmavasthāṃ ca kathaṃ gataḥ ,
kathaṃ dhyānaprayogeṇa tadā nopaśamaṃ gataḥ 1

1. vyādhaḥ uvāca bhagavan tvādṛśaḥ tām tām avasthām ca katham
gataḥ katham dhyāna-prayogeṇa tadā na upaśamam gataḥ

1. vyādhaḥ uvāca bhagavan,
tvādṛśaḥ tām tām avasthām ca katham gataḥ? tadā dhyāna-prayogeṇa upaśamam katham na gataḥ?

1. The hunter said: "O revered one, how did someone like you come to this particular state? And how is it that even then you did not attain tranquility (upaśama) through the practice of meditation (dhyāna)?"

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter, fowler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one, O revered one

• त्वादृशः (tvādṛśaḥ) - one like you, your equal

• ताम् (tām) - that

• ताम् (tām) - that

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state, condition

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• ध्यान-प्रयोगेण (dhyāna-prayogeṇa) - by the practice of meditation (dhyāna) (by the practice of meditation)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not

• उपशमम् (upaśamam) - tranquility (upaśama), cessation (of suffering) (tranquility, cessation)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter, fowler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler, killer

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one, O revered one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, venerable, divine, glorious

Note: Address.

त्वादृशः (tvādṛśaḥ) - one like you, your equal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvādṛśa

tvādṛśa - like you, similar to you

Compound of tvā (you) + dṛś (sight, appearance)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvā+dṛśa)

• tvā – you (accusative/instrumental singular)
  pronoun
• dṛśa – sight, appearance, like
  adjective (masculine)
  Often used as a suffix for 'like'

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Adjective for 'avasthām'. Repetition 'tām tām' emphasizes "such a state".

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Adjective for 'avasthām'. Repetition 'tām tām' emphasizes "such a state".

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state, condition

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, stage, situation

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvādṛśaḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

ध्यान-प्रयोगेण (dhyāna-prayogeṇa) - by the practice of meditation (dhyāna) (by the practice of meditation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhyāna-prayoga

dhyāna-prayoga - practice of meditation, application of meditation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhyāna+prayoga)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation (dhyāna)
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root dhyai (to meditate)
  Root: dhyai (class 1)
• prayoga – application, use, practice, method
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root yuj (to join, apply) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Instrument of 'gataḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

उपशमम् (upaśamam) - tranquility (upaśama), cessation (of suffering) (tranquility, cessation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaśama

upaśama - cessation, tranquility, alleviation, peace

Derived from root śam (to be calm) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject (you/venerable one).

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