योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-68

यथा स्पर्शेन पवनः सत्तामायाति नो गिरा ।
तथेच्छातानवेनैव विवेकोऽस्य विबुध्यते ॥ ६८ ॥

yathā sparśena pavanaḥ sattāmāyāti no girā ,
tathecchātānavenaiva viveko'sya vibudhyate 68

68. yathā sparśena pavanaḥ sattām āyāti na u girā
tathā icchātān̄avena eva vivekaḥ asya vibudhyate

68. yathā pavanaḥ sparśena sattām āyāti na u girā
tathā asya vivekaḥ icchātān̄avena eva vibudhyate

68. Just as wind (pavana) gains its existence through touch and not through mere words, similarly, one's discrimination (viveka) is truly awakened only by the reduction of desires.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• स्पर्शेन (sparśena) - by touch, by contact

• पवनः (pavanaḥ) - wind, air

• सत्ताम् (sattām) - existence, being, reality

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, attains, gains, reaches

• न (na) - not, no

• उ (u) - and, verily, indeed (particle)

• गिरा (girā) - by speech, by word

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

• इच्छातान्̄अवेन (icchātān̄avena) - by the reduction/diminishing of desires

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• विवेकः (vivekaḥ) - discrimination, discernment

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this (person)

• विबुध्यते (vibudhyate) - is awakened, becomes clear, is known, is understood

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to 'tathā'.

स्पर्शेन (sparśena) - by touch, by contact

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, feeling

From spṛś + ghañ

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Means of attaining existence.

पवनः (pavanaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier

From pū + an

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āyāti'.

सत्ताम् (sattām) - existence, being, reality

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sattā

sattā - existence, being, reality, essence

From sat (existing) + tā

Note: Object of 'āyāti'.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, attains, gains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-yā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

उ (u) - and, verily, indeed (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or conjunctive particle, often translates as "nor".

गिरा (girā) - by speech, by word

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, hymn

Root: gṝ (class 9)

Note: Means of attaining, negated.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to 'yathā'.

इच्छातान्̄अवेन (icchātān̄avena) - by the reduction/diminishing of desires

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of icchātānava

icchātānava - reduction of desires, diminishing of craving

From icchā (desire) + tānava (reduction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (icchā+tānava)

• icchā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From iṣ + sañ + a
  Root: iṣ (class 4)
• tānava – thinness, decrease, reduction, attenuation
  noun (neuter)
  From tanu + aṇ

Note: Means by which 'viveka' is awakened.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic, "only by".

विवेकः (vivekaḥ) - discrimination, discernment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viveka

viveka - discrimination, discernment, judgment, clear perception, distinction

From vi- + vic + ghañ

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'vibudhyate'.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this (person)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to the person whose discrimination is awakened.

विबुध्यते (vibudhyate) - is awakened, becomes clear, is known, is understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-budh

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Reflects the awakening of discernment.