योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-28

मृगतृष्णाजलभ्रान्तौ सत्यां कैव विदग्धता ।
विदग्धतायां सत्यां तु कैवासौ मृगतृष्णिका ॥ २८ ॥

mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrāntau satyāṃ kaiva vidagdhatā ,
vidagdhatāyāṃ satyāṃ tu kaivāsau mṛgatṛṣṇikā 28

28. mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrāntau satyām kā eva vidagdhatā
vidagdhatāyām satyām tu kā eva asau mṛgatṛṣṇikā

28. mṛgatṛṣṇā-jala-bhrāntau satyām (sati) eva kā vidagdhatā?
tu vidagdhatāyām satyām (sati) asau mṛgatṛṣṇikā eva kā?

28. When the illusion (bhrānti) of a mirage (mṛgatṛṣṇā) with its water (jala) exists, what wisdom (vidagdhatā) can there be? But when true wisdom (vidagdhatā) exists, what then is that mirage (mṛgatṛṣṇikā)?

Words meanings summery:

• मृगतृष्णाजलभ्रान्तौ (mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrāntau) - in the illusion of mirage-water

• सत्याम् (satyām) - existing, being present, real

• का (kā) - what (is there)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only

• विदग्धता (vidagdhatā) - cleverness, wisdom, skill, intelligence

• विदग्धतायाम् (vidagdhatāyām) - in wisdom, in cleverness

• सत्याम् (satyām) - existing, being present

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• का (kā) - what (is that)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only

• असौ (asau) - that, that one (feminine)

• मृगतृष्णिका (mṛgatṛṣṇikā) - mirage (diminutive)

Words meanings and morphology

मृगतृष्णाजलभ्रान्तौ (mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrāntau) - in the illusion of mirage-water

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrānti

mṛgatṛṣṇājalabhrānti - illusion of mirage-water

Compound noun in locative singular.

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mṛgatṛṣṇājala+bhrānti)

• mṛgatṛṣṇājala – mirage-water
  noun (neuter)
  Compound noun formed from `mṛgatṛṣṇā` (mirage) and `jala` (water).
• bhrānti – illusion, error, confusion, delusion
  noun (feminine)
  From root `bhram` (to wander, be confused).
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with `satyām`.

सत्याम् (satyām) - existing, being present, real

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, true, real, good

Present Active Participle

Feminine locative singular of `sat` (present participle of `as` 'to be').

Root: as (class 2)

का (kā) - what (is there)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Feminine nominative singular of interrogative pronoun `kim`.

Note: Subject of implied 'asti'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the preceding interrogative.

विदग्धता (vidagdhatā) - cleverness, wisdom, skill, intelligence

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidagdhatā

vidagdhatā - cleverness, skill, sagacity, wisdom

Derived from `vidagdha` (clever, learned) + `tā` (suffix forming abstract feminine nouns).

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative to implied 'asti'.

विदग्धतायाम् (vidagdhatāyām) - in wisdom, in cleverness

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vidagdhatā

vidagdhatā - cleverness, skill, sagacity, wisdom

Derived from `vidagdha` (clever, learned) + `tā` (suffix forming abstract feminine nouns).

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with `satyām`.

सत्याम् (satyām) - existing, being present

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, true, real, good

Present Active Participle

Feminine locative singular of `sat` (present participle of `as` 'to be').

Root: as (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often indicating contrast.

Note: Introduces a contrasting clause.

का (kā) - what (is that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Feminine nominative singular of interrogative pronoun `kim`.

Note: Subject of implied 'asti'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the interrogative.

असौ (asau) - that, that one (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one yonder

Feminine nominative singular of demonstrative pronoun `adas`.

Note: Qualifies `mṛgatṛṣṇikā`.

मृगतृष्णिका (mṛgatṛṣṇikā) - mirage (diminutive)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛgatṛṣṇikā

mṛgatṛṣṇikā - mirage (diminutive form, implying triviality or illusion)

Derived from `mṛgatṛṣṇā` (mirage) with the diminutive suffix `ika`.

Note: Predicate nominative to implied 'asti'.