योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-27, verse-9

अद्वैतं यो न यातोऽसौ कथमद्वैतकर्मभिः ।
युज्यते तापसंस्थस्य च्छायाङ्गानुभवः कुतः ॥ ९ ॥

advaitaṃ yo na yāto'sau kathamadvaitakarmabhiḥ ,
yujyate tāpasaṃsthasya cchāyāṅgānubhavaḥ kutaḥ 9

9. advaitam yaḥ na yātaḥ asau katham advaitakarmabhiḥ
yujyate tāpasaṃsthasya chāyāṅgānubhavaḥ kutaḥ

9. yaḥ asau advaitam na yātaḥ katham advaitakarmabhiḥ
yujyate tāpasaṃsthasya chāyāṅgānubhavaḥ kutaḥ

9. How can someone who has not realized non-duality (advaita) engage in actions (karma) that are compatible with non-duality? How can one who is immersed in heat experience the presence of their own shadow?

Words meanings summery:

• अद्वैतम् (advaitam) - The state of non-duality (advaita). (non-duality, oneness, non-differentiation)

• यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (has not attained). Relative pronoun. (who, which, that)

• न (na) - Not (attained). (not, no)

• यातः (yātaḥ) - Has attained (non-duality). (gone, departed, reached, attained)

• असौ (asau) - That one (who has not attained). (that, he, she, it)

• कथम् (katham) - How (can he be engaged)? Interrogative adverb. (how, in what manner, why)

• अद्वैतकर्मभिः (advaitakarmabhiḥ) - By actions (karma) that lead to or are compatible with non-duality (advaita). (by non-dual actions, by actions pertaining to non-duality)

• युज्यते (yujyate) - Is engaged (in actions). Passive voice. (is joined, is connected, is engaged, is associated)

• तापसंस्थस्य (tāpasaṁsthasya) - Of one who is immersed in heat. (of one standing in heat, of one afflicted by heat/suffering)

• छायाङ्गानुभवः (chāyāṅgānubhavaḥ) - The experience or perception of one's shadow. (experience of shadow, perception of one's shadow's body)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - From where (can such an experience arise)? (whence, from where, how, why)

Words meanings and morphology

अद्वैतम् (advaitam) - The state of non-duality (advaita). (non-duality, oneness, non-differentiation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of advaita

advaita - non-duality, oneness, absence of a second; non-dualistic philosophy

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dvaita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dvaita – duality, dualism
  noun (neuter)

यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (has not attained). Relative pronoun. (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

न (na) - Not (attained). (not, no)

(indeclinable)

यातः (yātaḥ) - Has attained (non-duality). (gone, departed, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yā' (to go), past passive participle.

Root: yā (class 2)

असौ (asau) - That one (who has not attained). (that, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)

कथम् (katham) - How (can he be engaged)? Interrogative adverb. (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

अद्वैतकर्मभिः (advaitakarmabhiḥ) - By actions (karma) that lead to or are compatible with non-duality (advaita). (by non-dual actions, by actions pertaining to non-duality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of advaitakarman

advaitakarman - actions pertaining to non-duality, non-dual actions

Compound type : tatpurusha (advaita+karman)

• advaita – non-duality, oneness
  noun (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action, fate
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

युज्यते (yujyate) - Is engaged (in actions). Passive voice. (is joined, is connected, is engaged, is associated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of yuj

Present Passive

From root 'yuj', 7th class verb, present, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Root: yuj (class 7)

तापसंस्थस्य (tāpasaṁsthasya) - Of one who is immersed in heat. (of one standing in heat, of one afflicted by heat/suffering)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tāpasaṃstha

tāpasaṁstha - standing in heat, afflicted by heat/suffering

Compound type : tatpurusha (tāpa+saṃstha)

• tāpa – heat, warmth, pain, suffering, penance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• saṃstha – standing in, abiding in, present in
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

छायाङ्गानुभवः (chāyāṅgānubhavaḥ) - The experience or perception of one's shadow. (experience of shadow, perception of one's shadow's body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chāyāṅgānubhava

chāyāṅgānubhava - experience of shadow, perception of one's shadow's body/presence

Compound type : tatpurusha (chāyāṅga+anubhava)

• chāyāṅga – shadow-body, image, shadow (as an extension of the body)
  noun (neuter)
• anubhava – experience, perception, enjoyment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - From where (can such an experience arise)? (whence, from where, how, why)

(indeclinable)