महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-32, verse-51

तं मत्तमिव मातङ्गं तलशब्देन मानवाः ।
भूयः संहर्षयामासू राजन्दुर्योधनं नृपम् ॥५१॥

51. taṁ mattamiva mātaṅgaṁ talaśabdena mānavāḥ ,
bhūyaḥ saṁharṣayāmāsū rājanduryodhanaṁ nṛpam.

51. tam mattam iva mātaṅgam talaśabdena mānavāḥ
bhūyaḥ saṃharṣayāmāsū rājan duryodhanam nṛpam

51. rājan mānavāḥ talaśabdena mattam iva mātaṅgam
tam nṛpam duryodhanam bhūyaḥ saṃharṣayāmāsū

51. O King, the men further cheered King Duryodhana, who was like an intoxicated elephant, with the sound of their palms.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - King Duryodhana (him, that)

• मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated, maddened, passionate

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

• तलशब्देन (talaśabdena) - by the sound of palms, by clapping

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men, humans, descendants of Manu

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• संहर्षयामासू (saṁharṣayāmāsū) - they made to rejoice, they cheered

• राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O king)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Duryodhana (king)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - King Duryodhana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated, maddened, passionate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, maddened, passionate, proud, exuberant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mad (to be intoxicated/rejoice) + kta suffix.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaṅgam' and 'Duryodhanam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant

Note: Object of comparison for Duryodhana.

तलशब्देन (talaśabdena) - by the sound of palms, by clapping

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of talaśabda

talaśabda - sound of hands/palms, clapping

Compound type : tatpurusha (tala+śabda)

• tala – palm of the hand, sole of the foot, surface
  noun (masculine)
• śabda – sound, word, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the method of cheering.

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men, humans, descendants of Manu

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - man, human, descendant of Manu

Note: Subject of the verb 'saṃharṣayāmāsū'.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

संहर्षयामासू (saṁharṣayāmāsū) - they made to rejoice, they cheered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of saṃharṣayāmāsu

Periphrastic Perfect

Derived from the causative stem of root hṛṣ (to rejoice) with upasarga saṃ, conjugated in the Periphrastic Perfect (ām) in 3rd person plural.

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The 'saṃ' prefix intensifies 'harṣa' (rejoice).

राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Sanjaya is addressing Dhritarashtra.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

Note: Object of the verb 'saṃharṣayāmāsū'.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Duryodhana (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch (literally 'protector of men')

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector, from root pā- to protect).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to 'Duryodhanam'.