महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-32, verse-13

स कथं वदसे शत्रुं युध्यस्व गदयेति ह ।
एकं च नो निहत्याजौ भव राजेति भारत ॥१३॥

13. sa kathaṁ vadase śatruṁ yudhyasva gadayeti ha ,
ekaṁ ca no nihatyājau bhava rājeti bhārata.

13. sa katham vadase śatrum yudhyasva gadayā iti ha
ekam ca naḥ nihatya ājau bhava rājā iti bhārata

13. bhārata sa katham śatrum yudhyasva gadayā iti ha
ekam ca naḥ ājau nihatya rājā bhava iti vadase

13. O Bhārata, why do you say to the enemy, 'Fight with a mace!' and 'Having slain one of us in battle, become king!'?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to the person being addressed, likely Yudhishthira) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• वदसे (vadase) - you say, you speak

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight!

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace, by a mace

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introduces direct speech)

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

• एकम् (ekam) - one (person) (implied) (one)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नः (naḥ) - of us, our

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, having struck down

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• भव (bhava) - become! (imperative)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• इति (iti) - thus (introduces direct speech)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Yudhishthira) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to the person being addressed, likely Yudhishthira) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

वदसे (vadase) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace, by a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

इति (iti) - thus, so (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

एकम् (ekam) - one (person) (implied) (one)

(numeral)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - of us, our

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, having struck down

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from prefix ni- + root han + suffix -tya

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, contest

भव (bhava) - become! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

इति (iti) - thus (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Yudhishthira) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian