महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-44, verse-8

पाञ्चालाश्च नरव्याघ्राः समन्तात्तव वाहिनीम् ।
अभ्यद्रवन्त संक्रुद्धाः समरे जितकाशिनः ॥८॥

8. pāñcālāśca naravyāghrāḥ samantāttava vāhinīm ,
abhyadravanta saṁkruddhāḥ samare jitakāśinaḥ.

8. pāñcālāḥ ca naravyāghrāḥ samantāt tava vāhinīm
abhyadravanta saṃkruddhāḥ samare jitakāśinaḥ

8. ca naravyāghrāḥ pāñcālāḥ samantāt saṃkruddhāḥ
samare jitakāśinaḥ tava vāhinīm abhyadravanta

8. And the tiger-like men (naravyāghrāḥ) among the Panchalas, highly enraged and victorious in battle, rushed towards your army from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from the Panchala country)

• च (ca) - and

• नरव्याघ्राः (naravyāghrāḥ) - men like tigers, excellent men, best of men

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your (singular, genitive))

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

• अभ्यद्रवन्त (abhyadravanta) - they rushed towards, they attacked

• संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - highly enraged, greatly infuriated

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

Words meanings and morphology

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from the Panchala country)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - belonging to Panchala, a native of Panchala

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नरव्याघ्राः (naravyāghrāḥ) - men like tigers, excellent men, best of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - a tiger among men, an eminent man, best of men

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'samanta'

तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your (singular, genitive))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra, addressed as 'King' in the next verse.

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, troop

अभ्यद्रवन्त (abhyadravanta) - they rushed towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-√dru

Imperfect 3rd Plural

From prefix abhi + root √dru (to run)

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - highly enraged, greatly infuriated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, furious, angry

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam + root √krudh (to be angry)

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ' and 'naravyāghrāḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat, war

जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, victorious

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ' and 'naravyāghrāḥ'.

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