महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-44, verse-37

ततः शरसहस्रेण तावुभौ पुरुषर्षभौ ।
अन्योन्यमाच्छादयतामथाभज्यत वाहिनी ॥३७॥

37. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa tāvubhau puruṣarṣabhau ,
anyonyamācchādayatāmathābhajyata vāhinī.

37. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa tau ubhau puruṣarṣabhau
anyonyam ācchādayatām atha abhajyata vāhinī

37. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa tau ubhau puruṣarṣabhau
anyonyam ācchādayatām atha vāhinī abhajyata

37. Then, with thousands of arrows, those two eminent men (puruṣa) covered each other, and at that point, the army was routed.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• शरसहस्रेण (śarasahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

• तौ (tau) - Nakula and Vṛṣasena (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both Nakula and Vṛṣasena (both)

• पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - Nakula and Vṛṣasena, eminent men (puruṣa) (excellent men, chief of men, bulls among men)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• आच्छादयताम् (ācchādayatām) - they covered each other with arrows (they covered, they shrouded)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover

• अभज्यत (abhajyata) - the army was routed (it was broken, it was routed, scattered)

• वाहिनी (vāhinī) - the army (of either side, or both) (army, host, stream)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

शरसहस्रेण (śarasahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śarasahasra

śarasahasra - a thousand arrows

Compound of 'śara' (arrow) and 'sahasra' (thousand).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+sahasra)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṝ
• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)

तौ (tau) - Nakula and Vṛṣasena (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative dual of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to Nakula and Vṛṣasena.

उभौ (ubhau) - both Nakula and Vṛṣasena (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Masculine nominative dual of 'ubha'.

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣarṣabhau'.

पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - Nakula and Vṛṣasena, eminent men (puruṣa) (excellent men, chief of men, bulls among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - excellent man, chief of men (puruṣa), a bull among men

Compound of 'puruṣa' (man) and 'ṛṣabha' (bull, best).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the conscious principle (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Vṛṣasena.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Compound of 'anya' + 'anya' with sandhi and pronominal affix.

Compound type : dvandva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, different
  pronoun (masculine)
• anya – other, different
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Acts as object of 'ācchādayatām'.

आच्छादयताम् (ācchādayatām) - they covered each other with arrows (they covered, they shrouded)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √cchad

Imperfect third person dual

From root √cchad (to cover), causative 'cchādaya', ātmanepada, 3rd person dual, imperfect (laṅ). With prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: The meaning is 'they covered themselves/each other'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover

(indeclinable)

अभज्यत (abhajyata) - the army was routed (it was broken, it was routed, scattered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of √bhañj

Imperfect third person singular (passive)

From root √bhañj (to break), 3rd person singular, imperfect (laṅ), passive voice.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Subject is 'vāhinī'.

वाहिनी (vāhinī) - the army (of either side, or both) (army, host, stream)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, stream, river

From root √vah (to carry) + `ini` suffix, then feminine `ī`.

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhajyata'.