महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-23, verse-50

यथाश्वहृदयं वेद वासुदेवो महामनाः ।
द्विगुणं त्वं तथा वेत्थ मद्रराज न संशयः ॥५०॥

50. yathāśvahṛdayaṁ veda vāsudevo mahāmanāḥ ,
dviguṇaṁ tvaṁ tathā vettha madrarāja na saṁśayaḥ.

50. yathā aśvahṛdayam veda vāsudevaḥ mahāmanāḥ
dviguṇam tvam tathā vettha madrarāja na saṃśayaḥ

50. madrāja yathā mahāmanāḥ vāsudevaḥ aśvahṛdayam veda
tathā tvam dviguṇam vettha na saṃśayaḥ (asti)

50. O King of Madras, just as the great-minded Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) knows the science of horses, so you know it twice as well. There is no doubt about this.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• अश्वहृदयम् (aśvahṛdayam) - the heart of horses, the science of horses, knowledge of horses

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-hearted, magnanimous

• द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, twice as much, double

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, so

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know, you understand

• मद्राज (madrāja) - O King of Madras

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

अश्वहृदयम् (aśvahṛdayam) - the heart of horses, the science of horses, knowledge of horses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśvahṛdaya

aśvahṛdaya - the secret or science of managing horses (lit. 'horse-heart')

Compound: 'aśva' (horse) + 'hṛdaya' (heart, secret).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (aśva+hṛdaya)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'aś' (to obtain, pervade) or '√iṣ' (to desire).
  Root: aś / iṣ
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, essence, secret
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'veda'.

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (used as present) (liṭ) of vid

2nd class verb (vid - to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Kṛṣṇa

From 'vasudeva' (Vasudeva) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa.

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-hearted, magnanimous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - great-minded, noble-hearted, magnanimous

Compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'manas' (mind, spirit).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great). Used as first part of compounds.
• manas – mind, intellect, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'man' (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, twice as much, double

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, twice as much, double

Compound: 'dvi' (two) + 'guṇa' (quality, factor).

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, factor, multiple
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'vettha'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, so

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb, often paired with 'yathā'.

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (used as present) (liṭ) of vid

2nd class verb (vid - to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

मद्राज (madrāja) - O King of Madras

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - King of Madras (Śalya)

Compound: 'madra' (name of a country/people) + 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – Madra (name of a country/people)
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rāj' (to shine, rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty

From 'sam-śī' (to hesitate, doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Predicate for an implied 'asti' (is).