महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-23, verse-45

शल्यभूतश्च शत्रूणां यस्मात्त्वं भुवि मानद ।
तस्माच्छल्येति ते नाम कथ्यते पृथिवीपते ॥४५॥

45. śalyabhūtaśca śatrūṇāṁ yasmāttvaṁ bhuvi mānada ,
tasmācchalyeti te nāma kathyate pṛthivīpate.

45. śalyabhūtaḥ ca śatrūṇām yasmāt tvam bhuvi mānada
tasmāt śalya iti te nāma kathyate pṛthivīpate

45. mānada pṛthivīpate ca yasmāt tvam bhuvi śatrūṇām
śalyabhūtaḥ tasmāt te nāma śalya iti kathyate

45. O giver of honor (mānada)! And because you are like a thorn (śalya) to enemies on earth, therefore, your name, O lord of the earth (pṛthivīpati), is called Śalya.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यभूतः (śalyabhūtaḥ) - being like a thorn (become a dart/thorn, being like a dart/thorn)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, since, from which)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Śalya) (you (singular))

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world, on the ground)

• मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (vocative) (giver of honor, respecting)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• शल्य (śalya) - Śalya (as a name, and also punning on its meaning 'thorn') (dart, spear, thorn, Śalya (proper name))

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating the preceding statement as a quote or designation) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

• ते (te) - your (your (genitive/possessive), by you (instrumental), those, they (nominative/accusative plural of 'tad'))

• नाम (nāma) - name (name, by name, indeed)

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called (is told, is spoken, is called)

• पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यभूतः (śalyabhūtaḥ) - being like a thorn (become a dart/thorn, being like a dart/thorn)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalyabhūta

śalyabhūta - become a dart/thorn, being like a dart/thorn

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śalya+bhūta)

• śalya – dart, spear, arrow, thorn, bone
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, a being, a creature
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from √bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for tvam.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, since, from which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Śalya) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place

मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (vocative) (giver of honor, respecting)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - giver of honor, respectful, honoring

compound of māna (honor) and da (giver, from √dā)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride, measure
  noun (masculine)
  from √man (to think, to regard)
  Root: man (class 4)
• da – giving, bestowing, giver
  adjective (masculine)
  from √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Addressed to Śalya.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Often used as an indeclinable adverbial connector.

शल्य (śalya) - Śalya (as a name, and also punning on its meaning 'thorn') (dart, spear, thorn, Śalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - dart, spear, arrow, thorn, bone; name of a king

Note: Refers to King Śalya.

इति (iti) - thus (indicating the preceding statement as a quote or designation) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (your (genitive/possessive), by you (instrumental), those, they (nominative/accusative plural of 'tad'))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

नाम (nāma) - name (name, by name, indeed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called (is told, is spoken, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of kath

present passive

3rd person singular, passive voice, present indicative

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: The root kath is commonly treated as a root of class 10.

पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Śalya.