महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-23, verse-31

यो ह्यभ्युपगतं प्रीत्या गरीयांसं वशे स्थितम् ।
वशे पापीयसो धत्ते तत्पापमधरोत्तरम् ॥३१॥

31. yo hyabhyupagataṁ prītyā garīyāṁsaṁ vaśe sthitam ,
vaśe pāpīyaso dhatte tatpāpamadharottaram.

31. yaḥ hi abhyupagatam prītyā garīyāṃsam vaśe sthitam
vaśe pāpīyasaḥ dhatte tat pāpam adharottaram

31. yaḥ hi prītyā abhyupagatam vaśe sthitam garīyāṃsam pāpīyasaḥ vaśe dhatte,
tat pāpam adharottaram (bhavati).

31. Indeed, whoever places a more venerable person, who has come to him with affection and remains under his control, under the control of a baser, wicked person, that sin is utterly perverse.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• अभ्युपगतम् (abhyupagatam) - approached, accepted, promised

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection, with love, out of fondness

• गरीयांसम् (garīyāṁsam) - a greater, more venerable, heavier person

• वशे (vaśe) - under control, in power

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, remaining

• वशे (vaśe) - under control, in power

• पापीयसः (pāpīyasaḥ) - of a more wicked, baser person

• धत्ते (dhatte) - he places, he holds, he establishes

• तत् (tat) - that

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• अधरोत्तरम् (adharottaram) - topsy-turvy, inverted, upside down, extreme

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

अभ्युपगतम् (abhyupagatam) - approached, accepted, promised

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyupagata

abhyupagata - approached, accepted, promised, agreed upon

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with upasargas abhi and upa.

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'garīyāṃsam'.

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection, with love, out of fondness

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, joy, pleasure

गरीयांसम् (garīyāṁsam) - a greater, more venerable, heavier person

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more venerable, greater, superior

Comparative form of guru (heavy, venerable).

Note: Object of the verb 'dhatte'.

वशे (vaśe) - under control, in power

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, submission

Note: Modifies 'sthitam'.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, remaining

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'garīyāṃsam'.

वशे (vaśe) - under control, in power

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, submission

Note: Used with 'pāpīyasaḥ' in the genitive to mean 'under the control of'.

पापीयसः (pāpīyasaḥ) - of a more wicked, baser person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāpīyas

pāpīyas - more sinful, baser, more wicked

Comparative form of pāpin (sinful).

Note: Governed by 'vaśe'.

धत्ते (dhatte) - he places, he holds, he establishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dhā

Root: dhā (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sin, demerit

Note: Subject of the implied sentence.

अधरोत्तरम् (adharottaram) - topsy-turvy, inverted, upside down, extreme

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adharottara

adharottara - lower and upper, inverted, topsy-turvy, extreme

Compound type : dvandva (adhara+uttara)

• adhara – lower, inferior
  adjective
• uttara – upper, higher, later, superior
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'pāpam'.