महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-23, verse-23

आदिश्यतामभ्यधिको ममांशः पृथिवीपते ।
तमहं समरे हत्वा गमिष्यामि यथागतम् ॥२३॥

23. ādiśyatāmabhyadhiko mamāṁśaḥ pṛthivīpate ,
tamahaṁ samare hatvā gamiṣyāmi yathāgatam.

23. ādiśyatām abhyadhikaḥ mama aṃśaḥ pṛthivīpate
tam aham samare hatvā gamiṣyāmi yathāgatam

23. pṛthivīpate,
mama abhyadhikaḥ aṃśaḥ ādiśyatām aham samare tam hatvā yathāgatam gamiṣyāmi

23. O ruler of the earth, assign a greater share to me. I will slay him in battle and return just as I came.

Words meanings summery:

• आदिश्यताम् (ādiśyatām) - let it be assigned (let it be commanded, let it be directed, let it be assigned)

• अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - a greater (share) (greater, excessive, superior)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• अंशः (aṁśaḥ) - share (share, portion, part)

• पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O ruler of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

• तम् (tam) - him (the enemy, implied) (him, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, after killing)

• गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will return/go (I will go, I will proceed)

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - just as I came (as one came, as arrived, in the same manner as one came)

Words meanings and morphology

आदिश्यताम् (ādiśyatām) - let it be assigned (let it be commanded, let it be directed, let it be assigned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of ādiś

Present Passive Imperative, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'diś' with upasarga 'ā'. Present tense passive stem 'diśya-'. Imperative ending 'tām'.

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - a greater (share) (greater, excessive, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - greater, excessive, superior, abundant

From 'abhi' + 'adhika'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+adhika)

• abhi – towards, over, to, in front of
  indeclinable
  prefix
• adhika – excessive, greater, additional
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'adhi' + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'aṃśaḥ'.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person pronoun.

अंशः (aṁśaḥ) - share (share, portion, part)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṃśa

aṁśa - share, portion, part, division

From root 'aṃś' (to divide).

Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'ādiśyatām'.

पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O ruler of the earth (O lord of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - lord of the earth, king, ruler

Compound of 'pṛthivī' (earth) and 'pati' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'pṛth' (to spread).
  Root: pṛth (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (the enemy, implied) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'gamiṣyāmi'.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From 'sam' + root 'ṛ' (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial locative.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed by adding 'tvā' to the root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'gamiṣyāmi'.

गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will return/go (I will go, I will proceed)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Future Tense, 1st Person Singular

Root 'gam' forms future stem 'gamiṣya-' and uses ending 'āmi'.

Root: gam (class 1)

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - just as I came (as one came, as arrived, in the same manner as one came)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'āgatam' (arrived). 'āgatam' is a past passive participle from 'ā' + 'gam'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, just as, in the manner that
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come, returned
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' with upasarga 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'gamiṣyāmi'.