महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-23, verse-32

ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मणा सृष्टा मुखात्क्षत्रमथोरसः ।
ऊरुभ्यामसृजद्वैश्याञ्शूद्रान्पद्भ्यामिति श्रुतिः ।
तेभ्यो वर्णविशेषाश्च प्रतिलोमानुलोमजाः ॥३२॥

32. brāhmaṇā brahmaṇā sṛṣṭā mukhātkṣatramathorasaḥ ,
ūrubhyāmasṛjadvaiśyāñśūdrānpadbhyāmiti śrutiḥ ,
tebhyo varṇaviśeṣāśca pratilomānulomajāḥ.

32. brāhmaṇāḥ brahmaṇā sṛṣṭāḥ mukhāt
kṣatram atha urasaḥ ūrubhyām asṛjat
vaiśyān śūdrān padbhyām iti śrutiḥ tebhyaḥ
varṇaviśeṣāḥ ca pratilomānulomajāḥ

32. brahmaṇā brāhmaṇāḥ mukhāt sṛṣṭāḥ,
atha kṣatram urasaḥ (sṛṣṭam),
ūrubhyām vaiśyān asṛjat,
padbhyām śūdrān iti śrutiḥ (vadati).
tebhyaḥ ca pratilomānulomajāḥ varṇaviśeṣāḥ (bhavanti).

32. Brahmins were created from the mouth by (brahman) (Brahmā), then Kṣatriyas from the chest. He created Vaiśyas from the thighs and Śūdras from the feet; thus says the sacred tradition (śruti). And from them (these four varnas) arose specific mixed castes, born from both `pratiloma` and `anuloma` unions.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by the creator god Brahmā (by Brahmā, by the (brahman))

• सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created

• मुखात् (mukhāt) - from the mouth

• क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the warrior and ruling class (the Kṣatriya class, sovereignty, power)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उरसः (urasaḥ) - from the chest, from the breast

• ऊरुभ्याम् (ūrubhyām) - from the thighs (dual)

• असृजत् (asṛjat) - he created, he emitted

• वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

• शूद्रान् (śūdrān) - Śūdras, members of the laboring class

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - from the feet (dual)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, as

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revelation, Veda

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from these four varnas (from them)

• वर्णविशेषाः (varṇaviśeṣāḥ) - specific castes, sub-castes, distinctions of varna

• च (ca) - and

• प्रतिलोमानुलोमजाः (pratilomānulomajāḥ) - born from `pratiloma` and `anuloma` unions

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman

ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by the creator god Brahmā (by Brahmā, by the (brahman))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute Reality, the creator god Brahmā, sacred utterance, the Veda

सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - created, released, emitted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit).

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

मुखात् (mukhāt) - from the mouth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, entrance, chief

क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the warrior and ruling class (the Kṣatriya class, sovereignty, power)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - rule, power, sovereignty, the warrior class

Note: Understood as 'the Kṣatriya class was created'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उरसः (urasaḥ) - from the chest, from the breast

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, heart

ऊरुभ्याम् (ūrubhyām) - from the thighs (dual)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of ūru

ūru - thigh

असृजत् (asṛjat) - he created, he emitted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛj

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Subject is Brahmā (implied).

वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - a Vaiśya, belonging to the third social class (merchants, farmers)

Note: Object of 'asṛjat'.

शूद्रान् (śūdrān) - Śūdras, members of the laboring class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - a Śūdra, belonging to the fourth social class (laborers)

Note: Object of 'asṛjat' (implied).

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - from the feet (dual)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, step

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, as

(indeclinable)

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revelation, Veda

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, sacred tradition, revelation, the Veda

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'says'.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from these four varnas (from them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the four varnas mentioned previously.

वर्णविशेषाः (varṇaviśeṣāḥ) - specific castes, sub-castes, distinctions of varna

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇaviśeṣa

varṇaviśeṣa - distinction of varna, specific caste, mixed caste

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṇa+viśeṣa)

• varṇa – color, class, social order (varna)
  noun (masculine)
• viśeṣa – distinction, difference, peculiarity, specific type
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'arise' or 'exist'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रतिलोमानुलोमजाः (pratilomānulomajāḥ) - born from `pratiloma` and `anuloma` unions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratilomānulomaja

pratilomānulomaja - born from unions against the hair (pratiloma) and with the hair (anuloma)

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (pratiloma+anuloma+ja)

• pratiloma – against the hair, against the natural order (e.g., lower varna husband, higher varna wife)
  adjective
• anuloma – with the hair, with the natural order (e.g., higher varna husband, lower varna wife)
  adjective
• ja – born, produced from
  suffixial noun/adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇaviśeṣāḥ'.