महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-14, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रत्यागत्य पुनर्जिष्णुरहन्संशप्तकान्बहून् ।
वक्रानुवक्रगमनादङ्गारक इव ग्रहः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pratyāgatya punarjiṣṇurahansaṁśaptakānbahūn ,
vakrānuvakragamanādaṅgāraka iva grahaḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca pratyāgatya punar jiṣṇuḥ ahan saṃśaptakān
bahūn vakrānuvakragamanāt aṅgārakaḥ iva grahaḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca jiṣṇuḥ pratyāgatya punar bahūn saṃśaptakān ahan,
grahaḥ aṅgārakaḥ vakrānuvakragamanāt iva.

1. Saṃjaya said: Jiṣṇu (Arjuna), having returned, again slew many Saṃśaptakas, just as the planet Aṅgāraka (Mars) moves with a winding and circuitous course.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (the narrator) (Saṃjaya (name of a character), conqueror)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• प्रत्यागत्य (pratyāgatya) - having returned (having returned, having come back)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, once more, back)

• जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Jiṣṇu (Arjuna) (victorious, triumphant; an epithet of Arjuna)

• अहन् (ahan) - he killed, he slew (he killed, he struck, he smote)

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (the Saṃśaptakas (accusative plural))

• बहून् (bahūn) - many (Saṃśaptakas) (many, numerous)

• वक्रानुवक्रगमनात् (vakrānuvakragamanāt) - with a winding and circuitous course (from its winding and indirect movement/course)

• अङ्गारकः (aṅgārakaḥ) - Aṅgāraka (the planet Mars) (Mars (the planet); a coal, charcoal)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - planet (planet, celestial body; seizing, grasping)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (the narrator) (Saṃjaya (name of a character), conqueror)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name); conqueror, victorious

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, from √vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रत्यागत्य (pratyāgatya) - having returned (having returned, having come back)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from √gam 'to go' with upasargas prati- and ā- and suffix -ya

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, once more, back)

(indeclinable)

Note: The form is `punar` when not subject to visarga sandhi.

जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Jiṣṇu (Arjuna) (victorious, triumphant; an epithet of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jiṣṇu

jiṣṇu - victorious, triumphant; an epithet of Indra, Arjuna, etc.

from √ji (to conquer) with suffix -ṣṇu

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अहन् (ahan) - he killed, he slew (he killed, he struck, he smote)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

imperfect past active

3rd person singular, augment 'a' prefix, imperfect past tense

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The root `han` is irregular in the imperfect.

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (the Saṃśaptakas (accusative plural))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has sworn a mutual oath; name of a warrior clan (sworn to kill Arjuna)

Derived from sam-śap 'to swear together'

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: They were a group of warriors who vowed to kill Arjuna or die in the attempt.

बहून् (bahūn) - many (Saṃśaptakas) (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with saṃśaptakān.

वक्रानुवक्रगमनात् (vakrānuvakragamanāt) - with a winding and circuitous course (from its winding and indirect movement/course)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vakrānuvakragamana

vakrānuvakragamana - winding and indirect movement/course

Compound describing a crooked and repetitive motion

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (vakra+anuvakra+gamana)

• vakra – crooked, winding, tortuous, indirect
  adjective (neuter)
• anuvakra – following a crooked path, circuitous
  adjective (neuter)
  from anu-vakra
  Prefix: anu
• gamana – going, moving, motion, course
  noun (neuter)
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The ablative here indicates the manner or cause of movement.

अङ्गारकः (aṅgārakaḥ) - Aṅgāraka (the planet Mars) (Mars (the planet); a coal, charcoal)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgāraka

aṅgāraka - Mars (the planet); a coal, charcoal

Note: Known for its reddish hue (like glowing coal) and its retrograde motion, hence the 'winding course'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - planet (planet, celestial body; seizing, grasping)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - planet, celestial body; seizing, grasping, holding, influence

from √grah (to seize)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Often used to refer to the astrological planets.