महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-91, verse-49

शरार्दितः सात्वतेन मर्दमानः स्ववाहिनीम् ।
घोरमार्तस्वरं कृत्वा विदुद्राव महागजः ॥४९॥

49. śarārditaḥ sātvatena mardamānaḥ svavāhinīm ,
ghoramārtasvaraṁ kṛtvā vidudrāva mahāgajaḥ.

49. śarārditaḥ sātvatena mardamānaḥ svavāhinīm
ghoramārtasvaraṃ kṛtvā vidudrāva mahāgajaḥ

49. sātvatena śarārditaḥ mahāgajaḥ svavāhinīṃ
mardamānaḥ ghoramārtasvaraṃ kṛtvā vidudrāva

49. Wounded by the Sātvata's arrows, the great elephant, trampling its own army and uttering a terrible cry of pain, fled.

Words meanings summery:

• शरार्दितः (śarārditaḥ) - wounded by arrows, afflicted by arrows

• सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by the Sātvata warrior (e.g., Sātyaki) (by the Sātvata (warrior))

• मर्दमानः (mardamānaḥ) - crushing, trampling

• स्ववाहिनीम् (svavāhinīm) - its own army/ranks

• घोरमार्तस्वरं (ghoramārtasvaraṁ) - a terrible cry of pain

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done

• विदुद्राव (vidudrāva) - fled, ran away

• महागजः (mahāgajaḥ) - the great elephant

Words meanings and morphology

शरार्दितः (śarārditaḥ) - wounded by arrows, afflicted by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarārdita

śarārdita - wounded/afflicted by arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ardita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• ardita – distressed, tormented, wounded, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛd (to hurt, distress) with suffix -ta
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: Modifies mahāgajaḥ.

सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by the Sātvata warrior (e.g., Sātyaki) (by the Sātvata (warrior))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvat, a Yadu warrior

Note: Agent of ardita.

मर्दमानः (mardamānaḥ) - crushing, trampling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mardamāna

mardamāna - crushing, trampling, hurting

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root mṛd (to crush) with suffix -māna

Root: mṛd (class 9)

स्ववाहिनीम् (svavāhinīm) - its own army/ranks

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of svavāhinī

svavāhinī - one's own army or host

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+vāhinī)

• sva – own
  pronoun
• vāhinī – army, host, river
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vah (to carry, convey)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of mardamānaḥ.

घोरमार्तस्वरं (ghoramārtasvaraṁ) - a terrible cry of pain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghoramārtasvara

ghoramārtasvara - terrible cry of pain

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ghora+ārta+svara)

• ghora – terrible, frightful, dreadful
  adjective
  Root: ghur (class 1)
• ārta – pained, distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛt (to distress, torment)
  Root: ṛt (class 1)
• svara – sound, voice, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root svṛ (to sound)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विदुद्राव (vidudrāva) - fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect

3rd person singular, perfect, active voice, with prefix vi. Reduplication is characteristic of the perfect tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

महागजः (mahāgajaḥ) - the great elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāgaja

mahāgaja - large elephant, great elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+gaja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Often used as a combining form of mahant ('great')
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of vidudrāva.