महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-91, verse-23

रुवन्तो विविधान्रावाञ्जलदोपमनिस्वनाः ।
नाराचैर्वत्सदन्तैश्च सात्वतेन विदारिताः ॥२३॥

23. ruvanto vividhānrāvāñjaladopamanisvanāḥ ,
nārācairvatsadantaiśca sātvatena vidāritāḥ.

23. ruvantaḥ vividhān rāvān jaladopamnisvanāḥ
nārācaiḥ vatsadantaiḥ ca sātvatena vidāritāḥ

23. jaladopamnisvanāḥ vividhān rāvān ruvantaḥ
sātvatena nārācaiḥ ca vatsadantaiḥ vidāritāḥ

23. Roaring out various cries with sounds like thunderclouds, they were torn apart by Sātvata (Yuyudhāna) with iron arrows and calf-tooth arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• रुवन्तः (ruvantaḥ) - roaring, crying, uttering sounds

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

• रावान् (rāvān) - roars, cries, sounds

• जलदोपम्निस्वनाः (jaladopamnisvanāḥ) - whose sounds were like thunderclouds

• नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - by iron arrows

• वत्सदन्तैः (vatsadantaiḥ) - by calf-tooth arrows

• च (ca) - and, also

• सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by Sātvata, referring to Yuyudhāna (Satyaki), a Yadava warrior. (by Sātvata)

• विदारिताः (vidāritāḥ) - torn apart, pierced, rent asunder

Words meanings and morphology

रुवन्तः (ruvantaḥ) - roaring, crying, uttering sounds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ruvat

ruvat - roaring, crying, making noise

Present Active Participle

From root 'ru' (to roar, cry out) with the 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, 'elephants'.

विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, different kinds

From 'vi' + 'vidha' (sort, kind).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rāvān'.

रावान् (rāvān) - roars, cries, sounds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rava

rava - roar, cry, sound, noise

From root 'ru'.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ruvantaḥ' (as the sounds being roared).

जलदोपम्निस्वनाः (jaladopamnisvanāḥ) - whose sounds were like thunderclouds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaladopamnisvana

jaladopamnisvana - having sounds like thunderclouds

Bahuvrīhi compound, describing something whose sounds are like those of thunderclouds.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (jalada+upama+nisvana)

• jalada – cloud (lit. water-giver)
  noun (masculine)
  From 'jala' (water) and root 'dā' (to give).
  Root: dā (class 1)
• upama – comparison, resemblance, like
  adjective
  From 'upa' + root 'mā'. Denotes similarity.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ni' + root 'svan' (to sound).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, 'elephants'.

नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - by iron arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, metallic arrow

Note: Indicates the means by which the elephants were torn apart.

वत्सदन्तैः (vatsadantaiḥ) - by calf-tooth arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vatsadanta

vatsadanta - arrow shaped like a calf's tooth

Compound noun referring to a specific type of arrow.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (vatsa+danta)

• vatsa – calf, son, child
  noun (masculine)
• danta – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dam' (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Indicates the means by which the elephants were torn apart.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'nārācaiḥ' and 'vatsadantaiḥ'.

सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by Sātvata, referring to Yuyudhāna (Satyaki), a Yadava warrior. (by Sātvata)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - descendant of Satvata, a name of Kṛṣṇa, a name of Yuyudhāna (Satyaki)

A vṛddhi derivative from 'satvat'.

Note: Agent of the action 'vidāritāḥ'.

विदारिताः (vidāritāḥ) - torn apart, pierced, rent asunder

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidārita

vidārita - torn, rent, split, pierced

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dṛ' (to tear, split) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, 'elephants'.