महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-46, verse-40

यं बृहस्पतिरिन्द्राय तदा देवासुरेऽब्रवीत् ।
तं यथावत्प्रतिव्यूह परानीकविनाशनम् ।
अदृष्टपूर्वं राजानः पश्यन्तु कुरुभिः सह ॥४०॥

40. yaṁ bṛhaspatirindrāya tadā devāsure'bravīt ,
taṁ yathāvatprativyūha parānīkavināśanam ,
adṛṣṭapūrvaṁ rājānaḥ paśyantu kurubhiḥ saha.

40. yam bṛhaspatiḥ indrāya tadā devāsure
abravīt tam yathāvat prativyūha
parānīkavināśanam adṛṣṭapūrvam
rājānaḥ paśyantu kurubhiḥ saha

40. yam bṛhaspatiḥ tadā devāsure
indrāya abravīt tam parānīkavināśanam
adṛṣṭapūrvam yathāvat prativyūha
rājānaḥ kurubhiḥ saha paśyantu

40. Arjuna continued: 'Array that formation, the destroyer of enemy armies, precisely as Bṛhaspati once instructed Indra during the war between the gods and asuras. Let the kings, along with the Kurus, witness this formation never seen before.'

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - which (formation) (which, whom)

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods))

• इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• देवासुरे (devāsure) - during the conflict between the gods and asuras (in the war between gods and asuras)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - instructed (spoke, said)

• तम् (tam) - that (formation) (him, that)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - precisely, according to instruction (properly, exactly, according to rule)

• प्रतिव्यूह (prativyūha) - array (as an imperative instruction to Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (counter-array, arrange in opposition)

• परानीकविनाशनम् (parānīkavināśanam) - destroyer of enemy armies (destroying enemy armies)

• अदृष्टपूर्वम् (adṛṣṭapūrvam) - never seen before (by anyone) (unprecedented, never seen before)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the (present) kings (kings)

• पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - let them witness (let them see, they should see)

• कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - with the Kurus (by the Kurus, with the Kurus)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, along with)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - which (formation) (which, whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to vyūha (formation) from the previous verse.

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - lord of prayer, preceptor of the gods

Note: The subject of abravīt.

इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - chief of the gods

Note: The indirect object of abravīt.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

देवासुरे (devāsure) - during the conflict between the gods and asuras (in the war between gods and asuras)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of devāsura

devāsura - gods and asuras

Compound type : dvandva (deva+asura)

• deva – god
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, anti-god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implies the great war/conflict.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - instructed (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root brū (2nd class)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bṛhaspati instructing Indra.

तम् (tam) - that (formation) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to the Krauñcāruṇa formation.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - precisely, according to instruction (properly, exactly, according to rule)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies prativyūha.

प्रतिव्यूह (prativyūha) - array (as an imperative instruction to Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (counter-array, arrange in opposition)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prativyūh

Imperative

2nd person singular, Imperative, Parasmaipada, from prati-vi-ūh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: The main verb of Arjuna's command.

परानीकविनाशनम् (parānīkavināśanam) - destroyer of enemy armies (destroying enemy armies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parānīkavināśana

parānīkavināśana - destroying enemy armies

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+anīka+vināśana)

• para – other, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• anīka – army, host
  noun (neuter)
• vināśana – destroying, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-naś (to perish, destroy)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies tam (the formation).

अदृष्टपूर्वम् (adṛṣṭapūrvam) - never seen before (by anyone) (unprecedented, never seen before)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adṛṣṭapūrva

adṛṣṭapūrva - unprecedented, never seen before

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭa – seen
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – before, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies tam (the formation).

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the (present) kings (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of paśyantu.

पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - let them witness (let them see, they should see)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative

3rd person plural, Imperative, Parasmaipada, from root dṛś (1st class, present stem paśya)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - with the Kurus (by the Kurus, with the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

Note: Used with saha.

सह (saha) - along with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Always takes instrumental case.