महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-46, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
कृतेऽवहारे सैन्यानां प्रथमे भरतर्षभ ।
भीष्मे च युधि संरब्धे हृष्टे दुर्योधने तथा ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
kṛte'vahāre sainyānāṁ prathame bharatarṣabha ,
bhīṣme ca yudhi saṁrabdhe hṛṣṭe duryodhane tathā.

1. saṃjaya uvāca kṛte avahāre sainyānāṃ prathame bharatarṣabha
bhīṣme ca yudhi saṃrabdhe hṛṣṭe duryodhane tathā

1. saṃjaya uvāca bharatarṣabha prathame sainyānāṃ avahāre
kṛte ca bhīṣme yudhi saṃrabdhe tathā duryodhane hṛṣṭe ca

1. Sañjaya said: O best of Bharatas, when this first withdrawal of the armies was made, and Bhishma was greatly aroused in battle, and Duryodhana, in turn, rejoiced.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कृते (kṛte) - when it was made (having been done, made, when it was done)

• अवहारे (avahāre) - in the withdrawal (in the withdrawal, in the retreat)

• सैन्यानां (sainyānāṁ) - of the armies

• प्रथमे (prathame) - in the first (withdrawal) (in the first, on the first)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - when Bhishma (in Bhishma, when Bhishma)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• संरब्धे (saṁrabdhe) - greatly aroused (in battle) (roused, enraged, agitated, eager)

• हृष्टे (hṛṣṭe) - rejoiced (rejoiced, gladdened, pleased)

• दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana)

• तथा (tathā) - in turn, similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root 'vac' (class 2), 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

कृते (kṛte) - when it was made (having been done, made, when it was done)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ta' suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

अवहारे (avahāre) - in the withdrawal (in the withdrawal, in the retreat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of avahāra

avahāra - withdrawal, removal, retreat, theft

From 'ava' (prefix) + root 'hṛ' (to take, carry)

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

सैन्यानां (sainyānāṁ) - of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, military force, relating to an army

Derived from 'senā' (army) + 'ya' suffix

Note: Possessive for 'avahāre'

प्रथमे (prathame) - in the first (withdrawal) (in the first, on the first)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, principal

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a Bharata (name of a king, a sage, a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - when Bhishma (in Bhishma, when Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a warrior), terrible, formidable

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

संरब्धे (saṁrabdhe) - greatly aroused (in battle) (roused, enraged, agitated, eager)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - agitated, enraged, excited, greatly roused

Past Passive Participle

From 'sam' (prefix) + root 'rabh' (to seize, begin, be eager) + 'ta' suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

हृष्टे (hṛṣṭe) - rejoiced (rejoiced, gladdened, pleased)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - rejoiced, delighted, pleased, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to be glad, rejoice) + 'ta' suffix

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

तथा (tathā) - in turn, similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)