महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-46, verse-18

गदया वीरघातिन्या यथोत्साहं महामनाः ।
करोत्यसुकरं कर्म गजाश्वरथपत्तिषु ॥१८॥

18. gadayā vīraghātinyā yathotsāhaṁ mahāmanāḥ ,
karotyasukaraṁ karma gajāśvarathapattiṣu.

18. gadayā vīraghātinyā yathā utsāham mahāmanāḥ
karoti asukaram karma gaja aśva ratha pattiṣu

18. mahāmanāḥ [bhīmaḥ] vīraghātinyā gadayā yathā utsāham gaja aśva ratha pattiṣu asukaram karma karoti.

18. The great-minded Bhima, with his hero-slaying mace, performs an impossible feat with great vigor amidst the elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• गदया (gadayā) - by the mace, with the mace

• वीरघातिन्या (vīraghātinyā) - by the hero-slaying, by the warrior-killing

• यथा (yathā) - according to (as, according to, just as)

• उत्साहम् (utsāham) - enthusiasm, vigor, effort

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-minded

• करोति (karoti) - he does, performs, makes

• असुकरम् (asukaram) - difficult to do, impossible, arduous

• कर्म (karma) - a feat, an act (that is difficult) (action, deed, work, ritual (karma))

• गज अश्व रथ पत्तिषु (gaja aśva ratha pattiṣu) - among elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers

Words meanings and morphology

गदया (gadayā) - by the mace, with the mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, means of action.

वीरघातिन्या (vīraghātinyā) - by the hero-slaying, by the warrior-killing

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vīraghātin

vīraghātin - hero-slaying, warrior-killing

Agent noun/adjective

Compound. From 'vīra' (hero) + 'ghātin' (killing, striking).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīra+ghātin)

• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• ghātin – killer, striker, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root han (to strike, kill) with suffix ṇini.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'gadayā'.

यथा (yathā) - according to (as, according to, just as)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Precedes 'utsāham' to form an adverbial phrase.

उत्साहम् (utsāham) - enthusiasm, vigor, effort

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utsāha

utsāha - enthusiasm, energy, effort, vigor

From 'ut' (prefix) + root 'sah' (to endure, overcome).

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Often used adverbially in compounds like 'yathotsāham'.

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - great-minded, noble-minded, magnanimous

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, Bhima.

करोति (karoti) - he does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present tense

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb.

असुकरम् (asukaram) - difficult to do, impossible, arduous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asukara

asukara - difficult to do, impossible, arduous

Gerundive (or potential participle) with negative prefix.

Negative compound of 'a' + 'sukara' (easy to do).

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+sukara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sukara – easy to do, facile
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From su (well) + kṛ (to do).
  Prefix: su
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - a feat, an act (that is difficult) (action, deed, work, ritual (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix 'man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'karoti'.

गज अश्व रथ पत्तिषु (gaja aśva ratha pattiṣu) - among elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of gajāśvarathapatti

gajāśvarathapatti - elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers (the four divisions of an army)

Dvaṃdva compound.

Compound type : dvaṃdva (gaja+aśva+ratha+patti)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)
• patti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the various units of the army.