महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-39

यदग्रे चानुबन्धे च सुखं मोहनमात्मनः ।
निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥३९॥

39. yadagre cānubandhe ca sukhaṁ mohanamātmanaḥ ,
nidrālasyapramādotthaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam.

39. yat agre ca anubandhe ca sukham mohanam ātmanaḥ
nidrālasyapramādottham tat tāmasam udāhṛtam

39. tat sukham yat agre ca anubandhe ca ātmanaḥ
mohanam nidrālasyapramādottham tāmasam udāhṛtam

39. That happiness which both at its beginning and in its consequences deludes the self (ātman), arising from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness, is declared to be of the nature of darkness (tāmasam).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• अग्रे (agre) - in the beginning, at first

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुबन्धे (anubandhe) - in the consequence, in the connection

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy

• मोहनम् (mohanam) - deluding, infatuating, causing illusion

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

• निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थम् (nidrālasyapramādottham) - arisen from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness

• तत् (tat) - that

• तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the nature of darkness, relating to tamas, ignorant

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, explained, cited

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that

Note: Neuter singular nominative or accusative of `yad`.

अग्रे (agre) - in the beginning, at first

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - front, tip, beginning

Note: Locative singular of `agra`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुबन्धे (anubandhe) - in the consequence, in the connection

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anubandha

anubandha - connection, consequence, attachment, continuation

From `anu` + `bandh` (to bind).

Prefix: anu

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Locative singular of `anubandha`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

Note: Nominative singular of `sukha`.

मोहनम् (mohanam) - deluding, infatuating, causing illusion

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mohana

mohana - deluding, infatuating, illusion-causing

From root `muh` (to be bewildered) with suffix `ana`.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Neuter singular nominative, modifying `sukham`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Genitive singular of `ātman`.

निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थम् (nidrālasyapramādottham) - arisen from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidrālasyapramādottha

nidrālasyapramādottha - arising from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness

Compound of `nidrā` (sleep), `ālasya` (laziness), `pramāda` (heedlessness), and `uttha` (arisen).

Compound type : dvandva (nidrā+ālasya+pramāda+uttha)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
  Root: drā (class 2)
• ālasya – laziness, idleness, lassitude
  noun (neuter)
  From `alasa` (lazy) + `ya` suffix.
• pramāda – heedlessness, carelessness, error, intoxication
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + `mad` (to be intoxicated, negligent).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)
• uttha – risen, produced from, born of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ud` + `sthā` (to stand, rise).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Neuter singular nominative, modifying `sukham`.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Neuter singular nominative.

तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the nature of darkness, relating to tamas, ignorant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull

Derived from `tamas` with `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Neuter singular nominative, modifying `sukham`.

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, explained, cited

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - declared, exemplified, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From `ud` + `ā` + `hṛ` (to take, speak).

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Neuter singular nominative, used passively ('is declared').