महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-3

त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ।
यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ॥३॥

3. tyājyaṁ doṣavadityeke karma prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyamiti cāpare.

3. tyājyam doṣavat iti eke karma prāhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti ca apare

3. eke manīṣiṇaḥ karma doṣavat iti tyājyam prāhuḥ
ca apare yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti

3. Some discerning thinkers declare that all action (karma) should be abandoned as inherently flawed. However, others maintain that actions such as Vedic ritual (yajña), charity (dāna), and austerity (tapas) should not be given up.

Words meanings summery:

• त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be abandoned (referring to action) (to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable)

• दोषवत् (doṣavat) - as faulty (having faults, faulty, defective, as faulty)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement as a declaration (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

• एके (eke) - some (wise persons) (some, certain ones)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma))

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they speak)

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - discerning thinkers (wise persons, intelligent people, thinkers, discerning ones)

• यज्ञदानतपःकर्म (yajñadānatapaḥkarma) - actions such as Vedic ritual (yajña), charity (dāna), and austerity (tapas) (actions related to Vedic ritual, charity, and austerity)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be given up (to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement as a declaration (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

• च (ca) - however, and (and, also)

• अपरे (apare) - others (others, the others)

Words meanings and morphology

त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be abandoned (referring to action) (to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of tyājya

tyājya - fit to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ya (kṛtya)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here, implying "it is to be abandoned".

दोषवत् (doṣavat) - as faulty (having faults, faulty, defective, as faulty)

(adjective)

singular of doṣavat

doṣavat - possessing fault, faulty, defective

Formed from doṣa (fault) with suffix -vat (possessive)

Note: Used adverbially here to qualify 'tyājyam'.

इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement as a declaration (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

एके (eke) - some (wise persons) (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, a certain, some

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma))

(noun)

neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of actions (karma)

Formed from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -man

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of pra-ah

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person plural (formally perfect but used with present meaning)

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - discerning thinkers (wise persons, intelligent people, thinkers, discerning ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, a sage, a discerning person

From manīṣā (intellect) + -in (possessive suffix)

यज्ञदानतपःकर्म (yajñadānatapaḥkarma) - actions such as Vedic ritual (yajña), charity (dāna), and austerity (tapas) (actions related to Vedic ritual, charity, and austerity)

(noun)

neuter, singular of yajñadānatapaḥkarma

yajñadānatapaḥkarma - actions of Vedic ritual, giving, and austerity

Compound

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (yajña+dāna+tapas+karma)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, devotion, worship (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to worship)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• dāna – giving, charity, donation (dāna)
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 1)
• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  From root tap (to heat, to suffer)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• karma – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the collective actions.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be given up (to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of tyājya

tyājya - fit to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ya (kṛtya)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here, implying "it is not to be abandoned".

इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement as a declaration (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - however, and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can function as "but" or "however" in certain contexts.

अपरे (apare) - others (others, the others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, different