महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-13

पञ्चैतानि महाबाहो कारणानि निबोध मे ।
सांख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि सिद्धये सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥१३॥

13. pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodha me ,
sāṁkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām.

13. pañca etāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodha me
sāṅkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām

13. mahābāho me pañca etāni kāraṇāni nibodha
sāṅkhye kṛtānte sarvakarmaṇām siddhaye proktāni

13. O mighty-armed (mahābāho), learn from me these five causes, which are declared in the Sāṃkhya, the definitive philosophical system, for the successful accomplishment of all actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Referring to Arjuna. (O mighty-armed one)

• कारणानि (kāraṇāni) - causes, reasons

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, learn

• मे (me) - from me, by me, to me

• साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - Refers to the Sāṃkhya philosophical system. (in Sāṅkhya, in the Sāṅkhya philosophy)

• कृतान्ते (kṛtānte) - Referring to the definitive philosophical doctrine within Sāṃkhya. (in the conclusive doctrine, in the end of action, in the definitive system)

• प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - declared, stated, taught

• सिद्धये (siddhaye) - for the accomplishment, for the success

• सर्वकर्मणाम् (sarvakarmaṇām) - Refers to the totality of actions (karma). (of all actions)

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral adjective)

Note: nominative/accusative plural of pañcan, agreeing with kāraṇāni

एतानि (etāni) - these

(demonstrative pronoun)

Note: neuter nominative/accusative plural of etad, agreeing with kāraṇāni

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Referring to Arjuna. (O mighty-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, a warrior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

कारणानि (kāraṇāni) - causes, reasons

(noun)

neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

from root kṛ (to do) + -ana suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

prefixed by ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me, by me, to me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: here used in the sense of 'from me' or 'by me (taught)'

साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - Refers to the Sāṃkhya philosophical system. (in Sāṅkhya, in the Sāṅkhya philosophy)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - enumeration, calculation, a philosophical system (Sāṅkhya)

कृतान्ते (kṛtānte) - Referring to the definitive philosophical doctrine within Sāṃkhya. (in the conclusive doctrine, in the end of action, in the definitive system)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtānta

kṛtānta - conclusion, definitive doctrine, destiny

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+anta)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• anta – end, conclusion, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: masculine locative singular, agreeing with sāṅkhye

प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - declared, stated, taught

(past passive participle)

Note: neuter nominative plural, agreeing with kāraṇāni

सिद्धये (siddhaye) - for the accomplishment, for the success

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - accomplishment, success, perfection

from root sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

सर्वकर्मणाम् (sarvakarmaṇām) - Refers to the totality of actions (karma). (of all actions)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvakarman

sarvakarman - all actions

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+karman)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun/adjective
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)