महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-24

यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म साहंकारेण वा पुनः ।
क्रियते बहुलायासं तद्राजसमुदाहृतम् ॥२४॥

24. yattu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṁkāreṇa vā punaḥ ,
kriyate bahulāyāsaṁ tadrājasamudāhṛtam.

24. yat tu kāmepsuṇā karma sāhaṅkāreṇa vā punaḥ
kriyate bahulāyāsam tat rājasam udāhṛtam

24. tu yat karma kāmepsuṇā vā sāhaṅkāreṇa punaḥ bahulāyāsam kriyate,
tat rājasam udāhṛtam

24. However, that action (karma) which is performed by one desiring pleasures or with ego (ahaṅkāra), and which involves great exertion—that is declared to be of the nature of passion (rajas).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• कामेप्सुणा (kāmepsuṇā) - by one desiring enjoyments/desires

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma)

• साहङ्कारेण (sāhaṅkāreṇa) - with ego (ahaṅkāra), by one with egoism

• वा (vā) - or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

• क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done

• बहुलायासम् (bahulāyāsam) - involving much effort/exertion

• तत् (tat) - that

• राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion (rajas)

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is declared, is said, is expressed

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

कामेप्सुणा (kāmepsuṇā) - by one desiring enjoyments/desires

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmepsu

kāmepsu - one desiring desires, desirous of pleasures/enjoyments

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāma+epsu)

• kāma – desire, pleasure, enjoyment, love
  noun (masculine)
  from root kam (to desire) + a suffix
  Root: kam (class 1)
• epsu – desiring to obtain, wishing to attain, one who desires
  noun (masculine)
  Desiderative Agent Noun
  from root āp (to obtain) + san (desiderative suffix) + u (agent suffix)
  Root: āp (class 5)

कर्म (karma) - action (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work, fate (karma)

from root kṛ (to do) + man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

साहङ्कारेण (sāhaṅkāreṇa) - with ego (ahaṅkāra), by one with egoism

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sāhaṅkāra

sāhaṅkāra - with egoism, arrogant, having ego

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ahaṅkāra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix denoting accompaniment
• ahaṅkāra – ego, egoism, self-sense, conceit (ahaṅkāra)
  noun (masculine)
  from aham (I) + kṛ (to make) + a (suffix)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बहुलायासम् (bahulāyāsam) - involving much effort/exertion

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahulāyāsa

bahulāyāsa - great effort, much exertion, involving much fatigue

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahula+āyāsa)

• bahula – much, abundant, extensive, frequent
  adjective (neuter)
• āyāsa – effort, exertion, trouble, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  from root yas (to strive) with upasarga ā- + a suffix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yas (class 4)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion (rajas)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, born of rajas, belonging to the quality of rajas

from rajas (passion, activity) + a (suffix)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is declared, is said, is expressed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - declared, said, expressed, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

from root hṛ (to carry) with upasargas ud-ā- + kta suffix

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)