महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-23

नियतं सङ्गरहितमरागद्वेषतः कृतम् ।
अफलप्रेप्सुना कर्म यत्तत्सात्त्विकमुच्यते ॥२३॥

23. niyataṁ saṅgarahitamarāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam ,
aphalaprepsunā karma yattatsāttvikamucyate.

23. niyatam saṅgarahitam arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam
aphalaprepsunā karma yat tat sāttvikam ucyate

23. yat karma niyatam,
saṅgarahitam,
arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam,
aphalaprepsunā (kṛtam ca),
tat sāttvikam ucyate

23. That action (karma) which is prescribed, free from attachment, performed without passion or aversion, and by one not desiring its results—that is called of the nature of goodness (sattva).

Words meanings summery:

• नियतम् (niyatam) - prescribed, regulated, fixed, firm

• सङ्गरहितम् (saṅgarahitam) - free from attachment

• अरागद्वेषतः (arāgadveṣataḥ) - without passion or aversion, free from desire and hatred

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, done

• अफलप्रेप्सुना (aphalaprepsunā) - by one not desiring fruit/results

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma)

• यत् (yat) - which

• तत् (tat) - that

• सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - of the nature of goodness (sattva)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

नियतम् (niyatam) - prescribed, regulated, fixed, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, fixed, prescribed, firm

Past Passive Participle

from root yam (to restrain) with upasarga ni- + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

सङ्गरहितम् (saṅgarahitam) - free from attachment

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṅgarahita

saṅgarahita - devoid of attachment, free from desire

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (saṅga+rahita)

• saṅga – attachment, desire, union
  noun (masculine)
  from root sañj (to cling) + a suffix
  Root: sañj (class 7)
• rahita – devoid of, abandoned, free from
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root rah (to abandon) + kta suffix
  Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

अरागद्वेषतः (arāgadveṣataḥ) - without passion or aversion, free from desire and hatred

(indeclinable)

from arāgadveṣa (absence of passion and aversion) + tas (suffix 'from, by reason of')

Compound type : nañ-dvandva (a+rāga+dveṣa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• rāga – passion, attachment, affection, color
  noun (masculine)
  from root rañj (to color, be attached) + a suffix
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• dveṣa – aversion, hatred, dislike
  noun (masculine)
  from root dviṣ (to hate) + a suffix
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ (to do) + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

अफलप्रेप्सुना (aphalaprepsunā) - by one not desiring fruit/results

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aphalaprepsu

aphalaprepsu - one not desiring fruit, not seeking results

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+phala+prepsu)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• prepsu – desiring to obtain, wishing to attain, one who desires
  noun (masculine)
  Desiderative Agent Noun
  from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra- + san (desiderative suffix) + u (agent suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

कर्म (karma) - action (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work, fate (karma)

from root kṛ (to do) + man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - of the nature of goodness (sattva)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāttvika

sāttvika - relating to sattva, good, pure, virtuous, belonging to the quality of goodness

from sattva (goodness, purity) + ika (suffix)

Note: Agrees with karma (implied)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)