महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-40, verse-32

अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसावृता ।
सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥३२॥

32. adharmaṁ dharmamiti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā ,
sarvārthānviparītāṁśca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī.

32. adharmam dharmam iti yā manyate tamasā āvṛtā
sarva-arthān viparītān ca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī

32. pārtha yā buddhiḥ tamasā āvṛtā adharmam dharmam iti
manyate ca sarvārthān viparītān (iti manyate) sā tāmasī

32. O Pārtha, that intellect which, enveloped by ignorance (tamas), considers what is contrary to natural law (adharma) to be natural law (dharma), and perceives all things in a distorted and perverse way – that intellect is tamasic.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - what is contrary to natural law (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, what is against natural law)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• इति (iti) - indicates reported speech or thought, "as" or "that" (thus, in this way, so)

• या (yā) - refers to buddhiḥ (intellect) (which, who)

• मन्यते (manyate) - considers, thinks, believes, deems

• तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of tamas (ignorance) (by darkness, by ignorance, by tamas)

• आवृता (āvṛtā) - enveloped by tamas (covered, enveloped, hidden)

• सर्वार्थान् (sarvārthān) - all things, all objects, all meanings

• विपरीतान् (viparītān) - contrary, inverted, opposite, perverse

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment

• सा (sā) - refers to buddhiḥ (intellect) (that, she)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Vocative for Arjuna. (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

• तामसी (tāmasī) - intellect characterized by the quality of tamas (belonging to tamas, tamasic, dark, ignorant, deluded)

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - what is contrary to natural law (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, what is against natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, demerit, what is against natural law

Negative prefix a- + dharma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion, custom

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - indicates reported speech or thought, "as" or "that" (thus, in this way, so)

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - refers to buddhiḥ (intellect) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ya

ya - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

मन्यते (manyate) - considers, thinks, believes, deems

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of manyate

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular.

From root man (to think), 4th class (middle voice).

Root: man (class 4)

तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of tamas (ignorance) (by darkness, by ignorance, by tamas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, the quality of tamas

From root tam (to be bewildered, to grow dark) + as suffix.

Root: tam (class 4)

आवृता (āvṛtā) - enveloped by tamas (covered, enveloped, hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, hidden, veiled

Past Passive Participle

From ā- + root vṛ (to cover, encompass) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सर्वार्थान् (sarvārthān) - all things, all objects, all meanings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvārtha

sarvārtha - all objects, all things, every purpose, every meaning

Tatpurusha compound of sarva (all) + artha (meaning, object, purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+artha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• artha – meaning, object, purpose, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

विपरीतान् (viparītān) - contrary, inverted, opposite, perverse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viparīta

viparīta - contrary, inverted, opposite, reverse, perverse

Past Passive Participle

From vi- + pari- + root i (to go) + kta suffix.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, discernment, wisdom

From root budh (to know, perceive) + ktin suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

सा (sā) - refers to buddhiḥ (intellect) (that, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

पार्थ (pārtha) - Vocative for Arjuna. (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name of Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ suffix.

तामसी (tāmasī) - intellect characterized by the quality of tamas (belonging to tamas, tamasic, dark, ignorant, deluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - tamasic, dark, ignorant, deluded, born of tamas

Derived from tamas + aṇ suffix.