महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-107, verse-54

दुःशासनोऽपि परया शक्त्या पार्थमवारयत् ।
कथं भीष्मं परो हन्यादिति निश्चित्य भारत ॥५४॥

54. duḥśāsano'pi parayā śaktyā pārthamavārayat ,
kathaṁ bhīṣmaṁ paro hanyāditi niścitya bhārata.

54. duḥśāsanaḥ api parayā śaktyā pārtham avārayat
katham bhīṣmam paraḥ hanyāt iti niścitya bhārata

54. bhārata,
duḥśāsanaḥ api parayā śaktyā pārtham avārayat,
iti niścitya (yat) paraḥ katham bhīṣmam hanyāt (iti).

54. Duḥśāsana, too, with supreme power (śakti), restrained Arjuna, having determined thus: 'How could an enemy slay Bhīṣma?' O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - The name of a Kaurava prince, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duḥśāsana)

• अपि (api) - also (indicating that Duḥśāsana, like others, engaged in the fight) (also, even, too)

• परया (parayā) - with supreme/greatest (power) (with supreme, with greatest, with excellent)

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with great power (śakti), with mighty strength (with power, with might, with ability, with energy)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (the Pandava warrior) (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he obstructed/restrained (he obstructed, he stopped, he restrained)

• कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility) (how? in what manner?)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhīṣma)

• परः (paraḥ) - an enemy (referring to Arjuna) (another, enemy, stranger)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - might kill/slay (may kill, should kill, might kill)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a thought or quote) (thus, so, in this manner)

• निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having determined/resolved (having determined, having resolved, having ascertained)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - The name of a Kaurava prince, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - hard to rule, difficult to command; a proper name (Duḥśāsana)

Prefix: dus

Root: śās (class 2)

अपि (api) - also (indicating that Duḥśāsana, like others, engaged in the fight) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

परया (parayā) - with supreme/greatest (power) (with supreme, with greatest, with excellent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, ultimate

Note: Adjective modifying `śaktyā`.

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with great power (śakti), with mighty strength (with power, with might, with ability, with energy)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, might, strength, energy, ability, faculty, divine creative power (śakti)

From root śak- "to be able".

Root: śak (class 5)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (the Pandava warrior) (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) using a patronymic suffix.

Note: Object of `avārayat`.

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he obstructed/restrained (he obstructed, he stopped, he restrained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vār

Imperfect tense, active voice, causative stem.

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with causative suffix -ay. Third person singular, imperfect tense (laṅ lakāra). The 'a-' is the augment for past tenses.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Causative verb form.

कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility) (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible; name of a Kuru patriarch (Bhīṣma)

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of `hanyāt`.

परः (paraḥ) - an enemy (referring to Arjuna) (another, enemy, stranger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, foreign, enemy, supreme, highest

Note: Subject of `hanyāt`.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - might kill/slay (may kill, should kill, might kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Optative mood, active voice.

Third person singular, optative mood (vidhiliṅ lakāra), active voice (parasmaipada).

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a thought or quote) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having determined/resolved (having determined, having resolved, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root ci (to gather, observe) with prefix nis- (niś-) and suffix -ya. The 'y' ending indicates it's preceded by a prefix.

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, a king of the lunar dynasty

Patronymic from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)