महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-107, verse-22

अश्वत्थामा ततः क्रुद्धः समायाद्रथसत्तमः ।
ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तव तेषां च भारत ॥२२॥

22. aśvatthāmā tataḥ kruddhaḥ samāyādrathasattamaḥ ,
tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ tava teṣāṁ ca bhārata.

22. aśvatthāmā tataḥ kruddhaḥ samāyāt rathasattamaḥ
tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ tava teṣāṃ ca bhārata

22. bhārata tataḥ rathasattamaḥ aśvatthāmā kruddhaḥ
samāyāt tataḥ tava teṣāṃ ca yuddhaṃ pravavṛte

22. Then, Ashwatthama, the best of charioteers, became enraged and advanced. Thereupon, O Bhārata, a battle commenced between your men and theirs.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (proper name)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that place)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

• समायात् (samāyāt) - advanced (came, approached)

• रथसत्तमः (rathasattamaḥ) - the best of charioteers (best of chariots, best charioteer)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that place)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced (began, commenced)

• युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - battle (battle, fight, war)

• तव (tava) - your (men) (your, yours)

• तेषां (teṣāṁ) - their (men) (their, of them)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Name of Droṇa's son

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that place)

(indeclinable)

Root: tad

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, provoked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ashwatthama

समायात् (samāyāt) - advanced (came, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāyā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

रथसत्तमः (rathasattamaḥ) - the best of charioteers (best of chariots, best charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathasattama

rathasattama - best of charioteers, excellent charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+sattama)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• sattama – best, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama
  Superlative form of sat (good, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Ashwatthama

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that place)

(indeclinable)

Root: tad

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced (began, commenced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of pravṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb pravavṛte.

तव (tava) - your (men) (your, yours)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to Dhritarashtra.

तेषां (teṣāṁ) - their (men) (their, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Pandavas and their allies.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'your' and 'their'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, pertaining to Bharata, India

Note: Vocative address to Dhritarashtra.