महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-107, verse-25

अश्वत्थामा ततस्तौ तु विव्याध दशभिः शरैः ।
विराटद्रुपदौ वृद्धौ भीष्मं प्रति समुद्यतौ ॥२५॥

25. aśvatthāmā tatastau tu vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
virāṭadrupadau vṛddhau bhīṣmaṁ prati samudyatau.

25. aśvatthāmā tataḥ tau tu vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ
virāṭadrupadau vṛddhau bhīṣmaṃ prati samudyatau

25. tataḥ tu aśvatthāmā दशभिः शरैः भीष्मं प्रति
समुद्यतौ वृद्धौ तौ विराटद्रुपदौ विव्याध

25. But Ashwatthama then pierced those two, the aged Virāṭa and Drupada, who were ready to fight against Bhīṣma, with ten arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (proper name)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that place)

• तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Virata and Drupada) (those two, them two)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• विराटद्रुपदौ (virāṭadrupadau) - Virata and Drupada

• वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - the two aged ones (the two old ones, grown old, aged)

• भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

• प्रति (prati) - against (towards, against, concerning)

• समुद्यतौ (samudyatau) - ready (to fight) (ready, prepared, engaged)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Name of Droṇa's son

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that place)

(indeclinable)

Root: tad

तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Virata and Drupada) (those two, them two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Object of vivyādha.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating a slight contrast or continuation.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The subject is aśvatthāmā.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Instrument of piercing.

विराटद्रुपदौ (virāṭadrupadau) - Virata and Drupada

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of virāṭadrupada

virāṭadrupada - Virata and Drupada (a dual compound)

dvandva compound of two proper nouns.

Compound type : dvandva (virāṭa+drupada)

• virāṭa – King Virata
  proper noun (masculine)
• drupada – King Drupada
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of vivyādha.

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - the two aged ones (the two old ones, grown old, aged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, experienced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies virāṭadrupadau.

भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name), terrible, formidable

Note: Object of the preposition prati.

प्रति (prati) - against (towards, against, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Preposition.

Note: Preposition indicating direction/purpose.

समुद्यतौ (samudyatau) - ready (to fight) (ready, prepared, engaged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of samudyata

samudyata - prepared, ready, exerted, undertaken, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yat with prefixes sam and ud.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies virāṭadrupadau.