महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-107, verse-23

विराटो दशभिर्भल्लैराजघान परंतप ।
यतमानं महेष्वासं द्रौणिमाहवशोभिनम् ॥२३॥

23. virāṭo daśabhirbhallairājaghāna paraṁtapa ,
yatamānaṁ maheṣvāsaṁ drauṇimāhavaśobhinam.

23. virāṭaḥ daśabhiḥ bhallaiḥ ājaghāna paraṃtapa
yatamānaṃ maheṣvāsaṃ drauṇiṃ āhavśobhinam

23. paraṃtapa virāṭaḥ daśabhiḥ bhallaiḥ yatamānaṃ
maheṣvāsaṃ āhavśobhinam drauṇiṃ ājaghāna

23. O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa), Virāṭa struck Drauṇi (Ashwatthama) — who was a great archer (maheṣvāsa), striving, and shining gloriously in battle — with ten arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virata (Virata (name of a king))

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, with spears)

• आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck (struck, hit, killed)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (addressing Dhritarashtra) (scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

• यतमानं (yatamānaṁ) - striving, exerting himself (striving, exerting oneself, attempting)

• महेष्वासं (maheṣvāsaṁ) - a great archer (a great archer, having a great bow)

• द्रौणिं (drauṇiṁ) - Drauṇi (Ashwatthama) (son of Droṇa, Ashwatthama)

• आहव्शोभिनम् (āhavśobhinam) - shining gloriously in battle (shining in battle, splendid in combat)

Words meanings and morphology

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virata (Virata (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - King Virata (name), sovereign, splendid

Note: Subject of ājaghāna.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with bhallaiḥ.

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, with spears)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - arrow, spear, dart

Note: Instrument of striking.

आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck (struck, hit, killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āhan

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The subject is virāṭaḥ.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (addressing Dhritarashtra) (scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Compound type : upapada (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, superior
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – causing pain, heating, tormenting
  adjective (masculine)
  nomen agentis
  From root tap (to heat, to torment) with a suffix
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Dhritarashtra.

यतमानं (yatamānaṁ) - striving, exerting himself (striving, exerting oneself, attempting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavouring, exerting oneself, active

Present Participle

Derived from root yat with śānac suffix.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi.

महेष्वासं (maheṣvāsaṁ) - a great archer (a great archer, having a great bow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - having a great bow, a great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Stem of mahat.
• iṣvāsa – bow
  noun (masculine)
  From iṣu (arrow) + āsa (thrower/seat of).
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi.

द्रौणिं (drauṇiṁ) - Drauṇi (Ashwatthama) (son of Droṇa, Ashwatthama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Ashwatthama)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Object of ājaghāna.

आहव्शोभिनम् (āhavśobhinam) - shining gloriously in battle (shining in battle, splendid in combat)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhavśobhin

āhavśobhin - shining in battle, splendid in combat

Derived from āhava (battle) and śobhin (shining).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āhava+śobhin)

• āhava – battle, war, challenge
  noun (masculine)
  From root hu (to call) with ā prefix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hu (class 3)
• śobhin – shining, beautiful, splendid, glorious
  adjective (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  From root śubh (to shine, be beautiful) with in suffix.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi.