महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-107, verse-53

अर्जुनो वार्यमाणस्तु बहुशस्तनयेन ते ।
विमुखीकृत्य पुत्रं ते तव सेनां ममर्द ह ॥५३॥

53. arjuno vāryamāṇastu bahuśastanayena te ,
vimukhīkṛtya putraṁ te tava senāṁ mamarda ha.

53. arjunaḥ vāryamāṇaḥ tu bahuśaḥ tanayena te |
vimukhīkṛtya putram te tava senām mamarda ha

53. tu arjunaḥ te tanayena bahuśaḥ vāryamāṇaḥ (api),
te putram vimukhīkṛtya tava senām mamarda ha

53. Although Arjuna was repeatedly being restrained by your son (Citrasena), he repelled your son and indeed crushed your army.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - being restrained, being warded off

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting action: 'although he was restrained, he still did X' (but, on the other hand, however)

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, repeatedly, frequently

• तनयेन (tanayena) - by Dhritarashtra's son, Citrasena (by the son)

• ते (te) - referring to Dhritarashtra's son (your, of yours)

• विमुखीकृत्य (vimukhīkṛtya) - having turned away, having repulsed, having made face away

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Dhritarashtra's son, Citrasena (son)

• ते (te) - referring to Dhritarashtra's son (your, of yours)

• तव (tava) - referring to Dhritarashtra's army (your)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• ममर्द (mamarda) - he crushed, he tormented, he broke

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - name of the third Pandava brother, a renowned archer

Note: Subject of 'mamarda'.

वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - being restrained, being warded off

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāryamāṇa

vṛ - to cover, to hold back, to restrain

Present Passive Participle (Causative)

From root vṛ (वृ) 'to cover, to choose'. Causative form 'vārayati'. Present passive participle of causative.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'arjunaḥ', indicating his state while being restrained.

तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting action: 'although he was restrained, he still did X' (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, repeatedly, frequently

(indeclinable)

From 'bahu' (many) with suffix 'śaḥ'.

Note: Modifies 'vāryamāṇaḥ'.

तनयेन (tanayena) - by Dhritarashtra's son, Citrasena (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

From root tan (तन्) 'to extend, to procreate'.

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vāryamāṇaḥ'.

ते (te) - referring to Dhritarashtra's son (your, of yours)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Enclitic form of genitive 'tava'.

विमुखीकृत्य (vimukhīkṛtya) - having turned away, having repulsed, having made face away

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From the compound verb 'vimukhīkaroti' (to make face away), formed with the prefix 'vi', the noun 'mukha', and the root 'kṛ' (to do/make). The absolutive suffix is '-tya'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Action performed before the main verb 'mamarda'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Dhritarashtra's son, Citrasena (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'vimukhīkṛtya'.

ते (te) - referring to Dhritarashtra's son (your, of yours)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Possessive, referring to Dhritarashtra's son.

तव (tava) - referring to Dhritarashtra's army (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

Note: Possessive, refers to Dhritarashtra.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: Object of 'mamarda'.

ममर्द (mamarda) - he crushed, he tormented, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of mṛd

Perfect Active

From root mṛd (मृद्) 'to crush'. Perfect active 3rd singular.

Root: mṛd (class 7)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)