महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-127, verse-31

याभ्यां हि देवाः स्वर्यातुः स्वर्गस्यापिदधुर्मुखम् ।
बिभ्यतोऽनुपरागस्य कामक्रोधौ स्म वर्धितौ ॥३१॥

31. yābhyāṁ hi devāḥ svaryātuḥ svargasyāpidadhurmukham ,
bibhyato'nuparāgasya kāmakrodhau sma vardhitau.

31. yābhyām hi devāḥ svaryātuḥ svargasya apidadhuḥ mukham
bibhyataḥ anuparāgasya kāmakrodhau sma vardhitau

31. hi devāḥ yābhyām svaryātuḥ svargasya mukham apidadhuḥ
bibhyataḥ anuparāgasya (tataḥ) kāmakrodhau sma vardhitau

31. Indeed, by these two (desire and anger), the gods closed the very entrance to heaven for those who aspire to attain it. Fearing the state of non-attachment, they surely caused desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) to greatly increase.

Words meanings summery:

• याभ्याम् (yābhyām) - by desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) mentioned in the previous verse (by which two)

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly' (indeed, surely, because)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the celestial beings or divinities (gods, deities)

• स्वर्यातुः (svaryātuḥ) - pertaining to the aspiration or path of reaching heaven (of one going to heaven, of the heavenly journey)

• स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - belonging to or associated with heaven (of heaven)

• अपिदधुः (apidadhuḥ) - the gods closed the entrance to heaven (they covered, they closed, they shut)

• मुखम् (mukham) - the entrance or door leading to heaven (mouth, face, entrance, beginning)

• बिभ्यतः (bibhyataḥ) - implying 'from fear of' or 'because of fearing' (fearing, being afraid)

• अनुपरागस्य (anuparāgasya) - the state of being free from worldly desires and passions, which the gods feared (of non-attachment, of indifference, of not being stained)

• कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - the two fundamental passions that bind beings to the cycle of existence (desire and anger)

• स्म (sma) - adds emphasis to the statement that desire and anger were increased (indeed, surely (particle indicating past tense or emphasis))

• वर्धितौ (vardhitau) - desire and anger were caused to increase or flourish by the gods (increased, augmented, nourished, caused to grow)

Words meanings and morphology

याभ्याम् (yābhyām) - by desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) mentioned in the previous verse (by which two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to 'kāma' and 'krodha'.

हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly' (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - the celestial beings or divinities (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being, celestial

Note: Subject of 'apidadhuḥ'.

स्वर्यातुः (svaryātuḥ) - pertaining to the aspiration or path of reaching heaven (of one going to heaven, of the heavenly journey)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svaryātṛ

svaryātṛ - one who goes to heaven, an aspirant for heaven, a heavenly voyager

Agent noun from svarya-yā (to go to heaven), a compound of svarga (heaven) and yātṛ (goer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+yātṛ)

• svarga – heaven, paradise, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• yātṛ – goer, journeyer, traveler
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yā (to go)
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'mukham'.

स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - belonging to or associated with heaven (of heaven)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world, abode of the gods

Note: Qualifies 'mukham'.

अपिदधुः (apidadhuḥ) - the gods closed the entrance to heaven (they covered, they closed, they shut)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of apidhā

Root dhā (to place, put) with prefix api-

Prefix: api

Root: dhā (class 3)

मुखम् (mukham) - the entrance or door leading to heaven (mouth, face, entrance, beginning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, opening, entrance, beginning, front

Note: Object of 'apidadhuḥ'.

बिभ्यतः (bibhyataḥ) - implying 'from fear of' or 'because of fearing' (fearing, being afraid)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bibhyat

bibhyat - fearing, afraid, timid

Present Active Participle

From root bhī (to fear), reduplicated in present stem (3rd class), Parasmaipada

Root: bhī (class 3)

अनुपरागस्य (anuparāgasya) - the state of being free from worldly desires and passions, which the gods feared (of non-attachment, of indifference, of not being stained)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anuparāga

anuparāga - non-attachment, indifference, lack of affection, freedom from stain or passion

Compound of an- (not) and uparāga (attachment, affection, stain)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uparāga)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• uparāga – attachment, affection, passion, dye, stain, eclipse
  noun (masculine)
  From upa-rañj (to color, affect, be attached to)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Object of the participle 'bibhyataḥ'.

कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - the two fundamental passions that bind beings to the cycle of existence (desire and anger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kāmakrodha

kāmakrodha - desire and anger

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+krodha)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing, love, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
• krodha – anger, wrath, rage, fury
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (vardhitau).

स्म (sma) - adds emphasis to the statement that desire and anger were increased (indeed, surely (particle indicating past tense or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

वर्धितौ (vardhitau) - desire and anger were caused to increase or flourish by the gods (increased, augmented, nourished, caused to grow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vardhita

vardhita - increased, augmented, nourished, caused to grow, promoted

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Past Passive Participle of the causative of root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)