महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-127, verse-28

आत्मानमेव प्रथमं देशरूपेण यो जयेत् ।
ततोऽमात्यानमित्रांश्च न मोघं विजिगीषते ॥२८॥

28. ātmānameva prathamaṁ deśarūpeṇa yo jayet ,
tato'mātyānamitrāṁśca na moghaṁ vijigīṣate.

28. ātmānam eva prathamam deśarūpeṇa yaḥ jayet
tataḥ amātyān amitrān ca na mogham vijigīṣate

28. yaḥ prathamam ātmānam deśarūpeṇa eva jayet
tataḥ amātyān amitrān ca mogham na vijigīṣate

28. He who first conquers his own self (ātman), considering it as his own territory, will thereafter not seek to conquer his ministers and enemies in vain.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own inner self or being (the self, the soul, oneself)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding word 'ātman', meaning 'indeed' or 'only' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - in the first place, primarily (first, foremost, primary)

• देशरूपेण (deśarūpeṇa) - likening one's self (ātman) to one's own territory or domain (in the form of a country/region, as a territory)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

• जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer (optative mood) (may conquer, should conquer, might conquer)

• ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, following that action (thereafter, then, from that)

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - royal ministers or advisors (ministers, counselors)

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - political or military adversaries (enemies, foes)

• च (ca) - connecting 'ministers' and 'enemies' (and, also)

• न (na) - negating the action of seeking to conquer in vain (not, no)

• मोघम् (mogham) - without purpose or success; vainly (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)

• विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer (desiderative form of 'ji' with 'vi') (desires to conquer, seeks to conquer, wishes for victory)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own inner self or being (the self, the soul, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, breath

एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding word 'ātman', meaning 'indeed' or 'only' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - in the first place, primarily (first, foremost, primary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, principal, earliest

Note: Used adverbially ('firstly').

देशरूपेण (deśarūpeṇa) - likening one's self (ātman) to one's own territory or domain (in the form of a country/region, as a territory)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of deśarūpa

deśarūpa - form of a country, nature of a place, appearing as a region

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+rūpa)

• deśa – country, region, place, spot
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature, beauty
  noun (neuter)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer (optative mood) (may conquer, should conquer, might conquer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of ji

Root verb (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada)

Root: ji (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, following that action (thereafter, then, from that)

(indeclinable)

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - royal ministers or advisors (ministers, counselors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, counselor, companion, official

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - political or military adversaries (enemies, foes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, adversary, not a friend

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - connecting 'ministers' and 'enemies' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

न (na) - negating the action of seeking to conquer in vain (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

मोघम् (mogham) - without purpose or success; vainly (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - vain, useless, fruitless, empty, purposeless

Note: Used adverbially.

विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer (desiderative form of 'ji' with 'vi') (desires to conquer, seeks to conquer, wishes for victory)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vijigīṣ

Desiderative

Desiderative stem of root ji (to conquer) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)