महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-127, verse-15

या हि शक्या महाराज साम्ना दानेन वा पुनः ।
निस्तर्तुमापदः स्वेषु दण्डं कस्तत्र पातयेत् ॥१५॥

15. yā hi śakyā mahārāja sāmnā dānena vā punaḥ ,
nistartumāpadaḥ sveṣu daṇḍaṁ kastatra pātayet.

15. yā hi śakyā mahārāja sāmnā dānena vā punaḥ
nistartum āpadaḥ sveṣu daṇḍam kaḥ tatra pātayet

15. mahārāja! hi yā śakyā sāmnā vā punaḥ dānena āpadaḥ nistartum (bhavati),
tatra sveṣu kaḥ daṇḍam pātayet?

15. O great king, who indeed would inflict punishment (daṇḍa) upon their own people when dangers (āpad) can be overcome by conciliation or by gifts?

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - that which (referring to an implied feminine singular entity like 'way' or 'method') (which, that which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, for, because)

• शक्या (śakyā) - possible (referring to the way to overcome dangers) (possible, capable, practicable)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation (by conciliation, by gentle means)

• दानेन (dānena) - by gifts (by giving, by gifts, by charity)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, or again (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

• निस्तर्तुम् (nistartum) - to overcome (to overcome, to cross over, to escape)

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - dangers (dangers, calamities, misfortunes)

• स्वेषु (sveṣu) - upon one's own people (among one's own, among relatives)

• दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, force (stick, rod, punishment, force, fine)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, which)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that case, then (there, then, in that case)

• पातयेत् (pātayet) - would inflict (punishment) (would cause to fall, would inflict, would cast down)

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - that which (referring to an implied feminine singular entity like 'way' or 'method') (which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of an implied verb 'is'.

हि (hi) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

शक्या (śakyā) - possible (referring to the way to overcome dangers) (possible, capable, practicable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śak' (to be able) with 'ya' suffix. Denotes 'able to be done'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective agreeing with implied feminine singular subject (like 'way' or 'method').

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation (by conciliation, by gentle means)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - conciliation, mildness, gentle means, peace, a Sāma Veda chant

Note: Means by which dangers can be overcome.

दानेन (dānena) - by gifts (by giving, by gifts, by charity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, liberality (dāna)

Derived from root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Means by which dangers can be overcome.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, or again (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb, adds emphasis or an alternative.

निस्तर्तुम् (nistartum) - to overcome (to overcome, to cross over, to escape)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of nistartum

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'tṛ' (to cross) with prefix 'nis' (out, through).

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Purpose verb.

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - dangers (dangers, calamities, misfortunes)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - danger, calamity, misfortune, distress

From 'ā' + 'pad' (to go, fall)

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of nistartum.

स्वेषु (sveṣu) - upon one's own people (among one's own, among relatives)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, belonging to oneself, relative, kinsman

Note: Locative of reference/place. 'Among whom' punishment is inflicted.

दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, force (stick, rod, punishment, force, fine)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, punishment, force, fine, chastisement

Note: Object of pātayet.

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of pātayet.

तत्र (tatra) - in that case, then (there, then, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/circumstance.

पातयेत् (pātayet) - would inflict (punishment) (would cause to fall, would inflict, would cast down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāt

Causative Optative

Causative of root 'pat' (to fall). Optative form.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or desirability in the rhetorical question.